Prospect of patent right of feed additives

Agricultural biotechnology has become a powerful driving force of the new agricultural scientific and technological revolution, which not only plays an important role in realizing the leap from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, but also will become an effective means to solve major social and economic problems such as food safety, ecological environment and resource protection in this century, and is becoming a new economic growth point. Agricultural biotechnology shows great potential in transforming and upgrading traditional agriculture and agricultural products processing industry, and biotechnology and its industry show an accelerated development trend. 1. Transgenic crops have been widely used. At present, insect-resistant, disease-resistant and herbicide-resistant transgenic cotton, corn, soybean and rape in the world have entered the stage of large-scale commercial application. The global planting area of genetically modified crops has soared from10.7 million hectares in 1996 to 67.7 million hectares in 2003 and 8 1 10,000 hectares in 2004, an increase of 20% over the previous year, a double-digit growth for the ninth consecutive year and an increase of 47.6 times in eight years. In 2003, the number of countries planting transgenic crops increased from 6 to 18. According to preliminary statistics, the number of new crop varieties cultivated by transgenic technology in the world has reached more than 35 families 120, more than 5,400 transgenic crops have entered the field test, and more than 50 transgenic crops have entered the market. Some experts predict that the area of genetically modified crops in the world will increase greatly in the next five years. In 20 10, 50% of the world's cultivated land will be planted with genetically modified crops, which will increase to 80% by 2020. It can be seen that the development of transgenic plants in the world is very rapid. 2. The molecular breeding technology of animals and plants is becoming more and more mature and widely used. The combination of modern molecular biology and traditional animal and plant breeding has produced a new molecular breeding. Molecular marker-assisted selection breeding is a modern molecular breeding technology to improve animal and plant varieties by using molecular markers or functional genes linked to important economic traits. In recent years, due to the uncertainty of the impact of genetically modified organisms on the ecological environment and human health, molecular marker-assisted selection technology has become one of the research hotspots. Molecular marker-assisted selection technology has the outstanding advantages of high efficiency and safety, showing some incomparable advantages over conventional breeding. Therefore, animal and plant gene identification and molecular marker-assisted selection technology have become one of the important fields of biotechnology development. 3. Genomics research has developed from "structural genome" to "functional genome". The rise of genomics is a new milestone in the development of life science. In recent years, the completion of the whole genome sequencing of Arabidopsis thaliana and the genome sequencing of rice provides a good platform and foundation for the study of plant functional genes. On June 5, 2003, Southwest Agricultural University and Beijing Institute of Genome of Chinese Academy of Sciences completed the "frame map" of China silkworm genome, and published it on June 5, 2004. This is the largest biological genome independently completed by China scientists through shotgun sequencing, and it is also the first working frame of silkworm genome in the world. It is estimated that the size of the silkworm genome is about 450 Mb, and there are about 20,000 genes, of which about 6,000 genes are newly discovered. China has independently carried out the structural gene research of pigs, and the chicken genome sequencing project in cooperation with the United States and Britain will be completed in the near future. 4. The research on transgenic animals, somatic cell cloning and bioreactor has made rapid progress. 1997 The birth of Dolly, the world's first somatic cloned sheep, marked a major breakthrough in animal nuclear transfer technology, and immediately set off the climax of various higher animal replication research. The success of cloning technology is not only of great theoretical significance, but also has great application potential in organ transplantation, cloning of therapeutic cells and tissues and organs, improving the cultivation of livestock, transgenic animal reactors and the protection of endangered rare animals. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the research and development of bioreactors for efficient expression and production of active functional proteins from transgenic plants and animal organs and tissues. CaroRxTM (sIgA) expressed in tobacco can effectively remove Streptococcus mutans and prevent dental caries. This is the first antibody produced in plants for clinical use. Using plant bioreactor to produce recombinant protein products has the advantages of high product activity and low production cost, so it is promising to develop animal disease vaccine products by using plants with high yield and bioactive substances in protein, such as tobacco, soybean and rape. 5. The research on genetic engineering of agricultural microorganisms is gestating a new breakthrough. In recent years, the rapid development and wide application of research methods, as well as the research progress in genome and molecular biology, provide an effective technical platform for the improvement, cloning and expression of functional genes of agricultural microorganisms, and provide effective technical support for the research of biological "three drugs". The research on agricultural microbial pest control, fertilizer saving and yield increase, feed and food additives, degradation of environmental pollutants and so on has gone deep into the molecular level, and biotechnology has become an effective means for microbial genetic improvement and development of a new generation of microbial products. 6. The competition for genetic resources is becoming more and more fierce. Because the genetic resources of animals and plants are non-renewable, biological genetic resources have developed into strategic resources for international competition and national development. "Building intellectual property wealth with biological genes as the core, so as to enter the ever-changing global biotechnology market more effectively" has become an important content of national science and technology development strategies. After the completion of the genome sequencing plan of model animals and plants, the competition for important functional genes and resources of animals and plants has become one of the signs of competition between bio-economy and gene industry. While vigorously strengthening the collection and preservation of animal and plant species resources, countries all over the world also attach great importance to the rapid and effective development and utilization of gene resources. The competition for biological resources is particularly fierce among some multinational biotechnology companies, the core of which is the competition for genes. 7. The investment in science and technology continued to grow, the industrialization process was accelerated, and the "bio-economy" began to take shape. In the past 10 years, the investment in developing agricultural biotechnology in the world has increased by 10 times. It is estimated that before 20 10, the total investment of developed countries in this field will reach more than 200 billion US dollars. Private enterprises, such as multinational corporations, have further enhanced their competitiveness through reorganization and merger, and gradually become the main body of agricultural biotechnology research and development. As a high-tech industry, agricultural biotechnology has been formed and entered a period of rapid development. 8. Significant progress has been made in biomass energy research, and biomass energy production technology is basically mature. Many private enterprises in China have successively developed biodiesel production technologies with independent intellectual property rights and built production facilities with an annual output of over 10,000 tons. The main indexes of the products are close to foreign technical standards to varying degrees. These enterprises mainly use traditional chemical methods to produce biodiesel from recycled gutter oil and a small amount of woody oil plant oil. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, China has mastered the production technology of enzymatic biodiesel, which is considered to be a new environmental protection technology that is expected to replace the chemical method in the near future. In the cultivation of biodiesel original plants, China has cultivated new lines of transgenic rapeseed and soybean with oil content as high as 53% and 25% by genetic engineering technology, established a production base for planting high-oil trees, and made remarkable progress in the cultivation and improvement of high-oil algae. With the development of agriculture and rural economy, there is an increasing demand for the development of biotechnology. Biotechnology will provide a strong theoretical basis and technical support for ensuring food safety, improving the competitiveness of international trade of agricultural products, improving agricultural industrial structure, accelerating the cultivation of new varieties of crops, forests and grasses, developing renewable biomass energy, and solving key problems of modern agriculture such as biomass materials and biopharmaceuticals. The application of biotechnology in ecological environment protection is a research hotspot in recent years and will become a new economic growth point; Biotechnology provides a new means for the transformation and upgrading of agricultural food deep processing industry, ensuring human health and promoting the vigorous development of emerging industries; The combination and penetration of biotechnology and other high-tech technologies has become a new trend of biotechnology development. The overall level of biotechnology research in China has been continuously improved, and industrialization has begun to take shape, which has the foundation and conditions to participate in international competition. 10. The international competition of agricultural biotechnology is increasingly fierce. Modern international competition has increasingly evolved into a comprehensive national strength competition supported by science and technology, and the development of science and technology has also risen to a strategic height. In order to ensure the international competitive position, countries generally support and encourage the research and development of strategic technologies, and biotechnology has become the core of world agricultural and scientific and technological competition. New agricultural genes play an important role in the development of biotechnology industry in the future. In order to compete for a larger market of agricultural products and obtain genes with independent intellectual property rights, it has become the focus of competition among countries. In 1960s and 1970s, the United States identified soybean cyst nematode resistance genes from a local soybean germplasm resource which was considered as the least valuable in Shanghai, and cultivated disease-resistant varieties. In less than 20 years, the United States quickly replaced China as the largest country in soybean planting, production and trade in the world, while China was once in an embarrassing situation where China soybeans infringed on American patents.