These small inventions have greatly changed the world. Observe your life carefully. Maybe you can, too
It turns out that Han Hezhou studied at 2019-09-2316:14: 06.
Today's article, write some peaceful little things, some stories of small inventions.
Don't underestimate them. It is because of them that our life has changed today.
When it comes to inventions, people naturally think of four great inventions in ancient China: the compass, papermaking, gunpowder and printing.
And many great inventions that changed the world.
However, some casual inventions actually play a very important role and have a far-reaching impact on the change of human life quality.
0 1
pen
Although computer typing has replaced the need to write with pen, many formal occasions such as signing documents are still inseparable from paper and pen.
Not to mention the great role pen has played in the long history of human civilization.
In the19th century, people used "pens" to touch water.
In the film and television dramas describing the life of Europeans and Americans at that time, we often see shots of writing with quill pens and ink in our hands.
Marx wrote Das Kapital on this stationery.
The "pen dipped in water" was still popular in the 1950s and 1960s, except that the sharpened feathers were replaced by metal tips mounted on wooden pens.
The fountain pen was invented at the end of19th century, and it was born in the anger of the inventor.
From 65438 to 0884, an American named Lewis Edison Altman worked as a salesman in an insurance company.
Once, in the fierce competition of his peers, he got a hard-won big business.
He can't hide his excitement when signing a contract with a client. He handed the customer a beautiful quill pen and a bottle of ink for the other party to sign the contract.
Who knows that the quill pen leaked, and a pool of ink made the contract book unrecognizable.
Just as he was rushing to get a new contract, another salesman jumped in and took the business.
Altman was deeply stimulated by this. Angry, he decided to design a pen that can control the ink flow and is easy to use.
He used capillary action to connect the nib with the ink container in the pen with a long hard rubber.
Drill a thin tube above the ink storage tube to let a small amount of air in, so as to keep the air pressure in balance, so that when writing, the pen tip is pressed and the ink will slowly flow out.
At first, this fountain pen needed a dropper to add ink, but it was later improved to use an elastic rubber bag. As long as the air inside is squeezed out, the ink will be sucked in automatically.
In this way, the prototype of modern fountain pen was invented, and later it became more and more exquisite through the continuous improvement of industrialization.
In 1930s and 1940s, putting a "Parker Gold Pen" on your chest (the tip of the pen is set with gold to make your writing smoother) was definitely a status symbol.
It is also a valuable collection now.
At that time, domestic products included "Guan" brand pens, as well as famous brands such as Venus, Hero and Yongsheng after liberation.
02
shaver
Shaving is an essential thing for every normal man, and Europeans and Americans with thick beards need careful care.
Having a sharp and safe razor is not a problem for people nowadays, but before the last century, it was a tool that men all over the world dreamed of.
In ancient times, people probably didn't pay attention to any tools, and all sharp knives could be used to solve the troubles of beards.
Just like some remote and backward places now, some people shave with sickles.
However, people have been pursuing tools that can shave their beards conveniently, comfortably and safely.
As early as 177 1, a Frenchman made a safer razor than before.
1828, the British Sheffield Company manufactured a razor with a protective clip on the edge.
From 65438 to 0895, the shaving cutter technology achieved a revolutionary leap.
Kink Gillette, a bottle cap salesman in Boston, replaced the razor with an extremely thin and sharp steel sheet, which was placed between the upper and lower safety splints when used.
This kind of steel plate is very cheap. Throw it away when it is dull, which saves the trouble of sharpening the knife before.
However, when this razor was put into production, it took eight years to overcome the technical difficulties of the blade.
1903, the safety razor came out.
But you can't imagine that only 5 1 tool rest and 168 blade were sold in those years.
Fortunately, the sales volume increased greatly in the second year, and 90,000 tool holders and12 million blades were sold.
Men all over the world can finally shave well.
Today, Gillette Company in Boston has tens of thousands of employees, and its razor products are constantly updated and improved. When it comes to "Gillette", people will think of the best shaving tool for "mastering men's beards all over the world".
03
zipper
Zipper is an indispensable part of people's clothes, bags and other items.
Whether it's Hermes or LV, a zipper is always indispensable.
1893, an engineer named Judson invented the earliest zipper.
But his invention needs to be made by hand, and the quality is unstable.
Although he put up the sign that "the button must be buttoned", the zipper he made either burst by himself or was in a hurry when he wanted to open it, so it was difficult to open it.
Until his death, the invention failed to gain commercial value.
19 13 years, Sambak, Sweden transformed Judson, an ugly invention, into a reliable commodity.
Once, he went to a shop to buy an iron spoon. The iron spoons in the shop are cleverly placed. The handles in the upper row are hung on the iron bars, and the buckets in the lower row face upwards and are staggered with the buckets in the upper row.
Sambaccarat didn't pull it down.
This inspired the clever sambak. His solution is to install metal locking teeth on the belt.
The teeth of the zipper are barrel-shaped, with a convex top and a concave end. Each tooth is a small hook, which can be matched with the pit under a small tooth on the adjacent opposite belt and can be engaged one by one.
When the slider slides, the teeth on the left and right sides can mesh, and when it slides back in the opposite direction, it will separate.
The zipper designed in this way is so firm that it can only be detached when the slider slides to open the teeth. Thus, the modern zipper was born.
But after the advent of zipper, it was not widely used at first.
A plane crash in France inadvertently saved the zipper industry.
After analysis, the air crash investigation team found that a button dropped from the pilot's coat just rolled into the aircraft engine, causing an accident.
The painful lesson made the French Ministry of Defence order not to button the flight suit, and the zipper became an excellent substitute.
Since then, European and American countries have adopted zipper tops, and zipper products have become increasingly popular, and their uses have rapidly expanded from military uniforms to ordinary clothes and other products from all walks of life.
1930, zipper production was introduced into China from Japan, and the first zipper factory in China was established in Shanghai.
At present, zippers of different materials and processes emerge one after another, but the principle was invented 100 years ago.
04
brassiere
Needless to say, bras are widely used.
There are different opinions about the origin of bras. There are many kinds of bras, and it is hard to say who invented them.
However, in 19 14, a woman named Jacob in new york, USA, was the first to design a bra.
Ms. Jacob hated the corset widely used by women at that time, thinking that it was not only troublesome to use, but also bound the chest.
One day, she and the maid made a bra with two handkerchiefs and several ribbons.
I can't believe that her works are deeply loved by her girlfriends.
So she applied for a patent for this invention, and then sold it to a corset manufacturer for10.5 million dollars.
Before long, the company earned at least15 million dollars from this product.
There is no doubt that the invention of bra later earned inestimable profits for manufacturers all over the world.