Development of humic acid fertilizer varieties
Solid humic acid fertilizer
Solid humic acid fertilizers mainly include ammonium humate, sodium humate, potassium humate and humic acid compound fertilizer. According to the needs of agricultural production, various trace element fertilizers and some fungi beneficial to soil and crops are added to humic acid. Such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria and actinomycetes. Humic acid is used as a carrier. Add pesticides to the fertilizer. Make its function more and more perfect. For example, the special compound fertilizer for solanaceous vegetables developed by Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology of Chinese Academy of Sciences is characterized by containing elements: (wt) ammonium humic acid or nitrohumic acid 5%-8% available nitrogen (n) 13%- 16%, available phosphorus (P2O5) 5%-8%, and available potassium (K2O). The production process of pan humic acid biological compound fertilizer includes the following steps: mixing 35%-45% of rapeseed meal, 37%-47% of cooked bone meal and11%18% of weathered coal, spraying 45%-50% of water, piling and fermenting for two weeks, and drying. Adding ammonium humate and 7% ~ 1 1% ~ 20% potassium humate, and pulverizing; Then granulating, drying and sieving to obtain the finished product. Ge and Han Guiyun invented a multi-element biological long-acting organic compound fertilizer, which is made by mixing 15% ~ 25% organic fertilizer, 12% ~ 20% ammonium humate fertilizer, 3% ~ 5% biological bacterial fertilizer, 0.7% ~ 1% long-acting synergist and the balance inorganic fertilizer.
Liquid humic acid fertilizer
The variety of liquid humic acid fertilizer is similar to that of solid fertilizer, but the form is different, which changes the way of spreading and landfill of solid fertilizer in application. But in the form of spray, trace elements directly act on plants through crop leaves to achieve the purpose of providing nutrients. The appearance of this fertilizer brings convenience to production, and the utilization rate is greatly improved by applying the medicine and fertilizer at one time. As invented, 39% ~ 4 1% of phosphorus humate, 28% ~ 30% of potassium humate and 29.5% ~ 3 1% of zinc humate are put into a reaction kettle and stirred uniformly at room temperature to obtain humic acid liquid fertilizer.
Function of humic acid fertilizer
According to the source, humic acid can be divided into natural humic acid and artificial humic acid. Among natural humic acids, it can be divided into soil humic acid sodium (white) phytic acid, coal humic acid, water humic acid and mold humic acid according to the existing fields.
According to the generation mode, humic acid can be divided into primary humic acid and regenerated humic acid (including humic acid in naturally weathered coal and artificially oxidized coal).
Humic acid can be divided into fulvic acid, brown fulvic acid and black fulvic acid according to its solubility and color in solvents. In earlier literature, there were also names of gray humic acid, brown humic acid and green humic acid, which were actually separated by different solvents.
According to the natural combination state, it can be divided into free humic acid and (calcium, magnesium) combined humic acid.
According to the humification degree (absorption coefficient) of humic acid, it can be divided into type A, type B (true humic acid), type Rp and type P (immature humic acid).
Although the classification of humic acid is varied, it has little influence on our research and application.
Use of humic acid fertilizer
1, seed soaking
Soaking seeds can improve the germination rate, early emergence and enhance the rooting ability of seedlings. The general soaking concentration is 0.005%-0.05%, the general soaking time is 5- 10 hour, and the hard-shell seeds such as rice and cotton are 24 hours.
2, root soaking, root dipping
Rice and sweet potato can be soaked in 0.0 1%-0.05% sodium humate or potassium humate solution before transplanting. After soaking seeds, they take root quickly and have a high survival rate.
Step 3 spray outside the roots
Generally, the solution with the concentration of 0.0 1%-0.05% is sprayed 2-3 times at the flowering stage of crops. When the spraying amount is less than 667 cubic meters, the spraying time is selected at 2-4 pm.
4, as a base fertilizer
Solid humic acid fertilizer (such as ammonium humate, etc. ) generally use 100- 150 kg per 667m2. When humic acid solution is used as base fertilizer, the concentration is 0.05%-0. 1%, and the dosage is 250-400 liters per 667 square meters. Can be mixed with farmyard manure and applied in ditches or holes.
5. Top dressing
Before the seedling stage and heading stage of crops, about 250 liters of water solution with the concentration of 0.0 1%-0. 1% was used for irrigation near the roots of crops every 667 square meters. Paddy fields can be irrigated or sprinkled on the water surface, which can play a role in raising and strengthening seedlings and promoting growth and development.