What is the origin of laws in history?

Origin of law: There are generally two different interpretations of the origin of law in China: the origin of substantive meaning law and the origin of formal meaning law. In essence, the origin of law refers to the source of the content of law, such as the origin of law from economy or economic relations; The origin in formal sense, that is, the origin of legal effect, refers to the different manifestations of laws with different legal effects and status formulated or recognized by certain state organs in accordance with legal authority and procedures, such as statute law, case law, customary law and precedent. Classification of legal sources, according to the different carrier forms of legal sources, legal sources can be divided into statutory sources and unwritten sources; Judging from the relationship between the origin of law and legal norms, the origin of law can be divided into direct origin and indirect origin. The source directly related to legal norms and rules, such as statute law, is the direct source of law; Sources indirectly related to legal norms and rules, such as theory, are indirect sources of law. Legal sources can be divided into legal sources and non-legal sources according to whether they have gone through the procedures formulated by the state; According to the relative position of legal sources, it can be divided into primary sources and secondary sources; In practice, legal sources are mainly divided into formal sources and informal sources; The formal origin of law refers to those sources that can be obtained from the explicit provisions embodied in the normative legal documents formulated by the state, such as constitution, laws and regulations. , mainly to make laws; The informal origin of law refers to those norms and concepts with legal significance that have not been authoritatively embodied in formal laws, such as justice standards, rational principles, public policies, moral beliefs, social thoughts and habits. In our country, the understanding of legal sources generally refers to the sources in the sense of effectiveness, mainly various written laws.

The legal department, also known as the departmental law, is the general name of legal norms that adjust similar social relations according to certain standards and principles. The legal departments in contemporary China include:

1. Constitution: Constitution of People's Republic of China (PRC), Organization Law of Major State Organs, Election Law, Law on Regional National Autonomy, Basic Law of Special Administrative Region, Authorization Law, Legislation Law, Nationality Law, etc.

2. Administrative law: administrative reconsideration law, administrative punishment law, administrative supervision law, government procurement law, temporary organization of state civil servants, etc. (general administrative law). Food hygiene law, drug administration law and public security management are organized (special administrative law).

3. Civil Law: General Principles of Civil Law, Contract Law, Guarantee Law, Marriage Law, Inheritance Law, Adoption Law, Trademark Law, Patent Law and Copyright Law. Regulations for the Implementation of Copyright Law and Detailed Rules for the Implementation of Trademark Law.

4. Commercial Law: Company Law, Securities Law, Negotiable Instruments Law, Insurance Law, Enterprise Bankruptcy Law and Maritime Law.

5. Economic law:

(1) Laws on enterprise management: Law on industrial enterprises owned by the whole people, Law on Sino-foreign joint ventures, Law on foreign-funded enterprises, Law on Sino-foreign cooperative ventures, Law on township enterprises.

(2) Laws on finance, finance and taxation: China People's Bank Law, Commercial Bank Law, Individual Income Tax Law and Tax Collection and Management Law;

(3) Laws and regulations related to macro-control: budget law, statistics law, accounting law and measurement law.

(4) Laws on market subject and market order: product quality law, anti-unfair competition law and consumer rights protection law.

6. Labor Law and Social Security Law: Labor Law, Trade Union Law, Mine Safety Law and Safety Production Law.

7. Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Law:

(1) belongs to natural resources: forest law, grassland law, fishery law, mineral resources law, land management law, water law and wildlife protection law.

(2) Environmental protection: environmental protection law, marine environmental protection law, water pollution prevention law, air pollution prevention law, environmental impact assessment law, etc.

8. Criminal Law: relevant provisions of criminal law and separate regulations.

9. Procedural law:

(1) Criminal Procedure Law, Civil Procedure Law and Administrative Procedure Law

(2) Lawyers Law, Judges Law, Prosecutors Law, Arbitration Law and Prison Law.