The commonly used protein feeds for pigs mainly include plant-based protein feeds and animal-based protein feeds.
Plant protein feed is the feed that provides the most protein nutrition to pigs, mainly including leguminous seeds and cakes.
(1) Soybeans
Soybeans are rich in protein (about 35%). Compared with corn, lysine is 10 times higher, methionine is 2 times higher, and cystine is 3.5 times higher. , tryptophan is 4 times higher. However, soybeans contain trypsin inhibitors, which can inhibit the activity of trypsin when entering pigs' bodies, thus reducing feed efficiency. Therefore, when feeding soybeans to pigs, they must be cooked or fried before feeding.
(2) Bean cake
Bean cake has a high protein content, with an average of 43%, and lysine, methionine, tryptophan, and cystine are more than 15% higher than soybeans. It is currently used The most widely used plant protein feed with the highest feeding value. Its disadvantages are: low methionine, low carotene, thiamine and riboflavin. When formulating the diet, adding a small amount of animal protein feed, such as fish meal, can achieve the complementary effect of protein. However, raw soybean cakes also contain harmful substances such as antitrypsin, hemagglutinin, and goiter-inducing factors. They must be heated during use to destroy these harmful factors to improve protein utilization. The feeding amount of bean cake generally accounts for 10 to 20% of the diet.
(3) Peanut cake
Peanut cake contains about 40% protein, most of the amino acids are basically balanced, has good palatability and is non-toxic. However, its high fat content makes it difficult to store and easily produces aflatoxin, which limits its use in pig feed. It is generally used in combination with bean cakes.
(4) Cottonseed cake
Cottonseed cake contains about 34% protein, but due to the presence of free gossypol, cumulative poisoning is prone to occur after feeding to pigs. In addition, due to its high crude fiber content, it is Use in feed should be restricted. When there is no detoxification treatment, the content in the feed should not exceed 5.
(5) Rapeseed cake
Rapeseed cake contains about 36% protein and can replace part of the bean cake to feed pigs. Because it contains toxic substances (glucosinolates), detoxification measures should be taken before feeding. The amount of rapeseed cake that has not been detoxified must be strictly controlled. Generally, it should not exceed 5 to 7 in the feed. Sows in late pregnancy and lactating sows should not be fed.
Animal protein feeds mainly include fish meal, meat meal, silkworm chrysalis, milk and insects, etc. Their unique characteristics are high protein content, good quality, no crude fiber, and rich in vitamins and minerals. , is an excellent protein feed for pigs.
In addition to the above two categories, there are also legumes and single-cell protein feeds with higher protein content, which are also good protein supplementary feeds for pigs. In particular, leguminous forage can not only provide protein but also play the role of green fodder, which is particularly important for sows.