Remember September 3 rd.
This great day
September 3rd is a great day, a day of victory for War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. On the 60th anniversary of the victory of China people's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the world anti-fascist war, the people of China will never forget those who contributed, supported and sacrificed to the war of resistance.
1945 After the German fascists were defeated and surrendered on May 8, 1945, the Japanese fascists in trouble became the last enemy to be solved by the world anti-fascist alliance headed by the United States, the Soviet Union, China and Britain. On July 26th, China, the United States and Britain jointly issued the Potsdam Proclamation, urging Japan to surrender unconditionally. On August 6th and 9th, the US military dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the military sites in Japan. On August 8th, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and dispatched millions of troops to attack the Japanese troops in northeast China and North Korea. On August 9th, Comrade Mao Zedong published "The Last Battle against the Japanese aggressors", calling on the military and civilians throughout the country to counterattack. Facing the unprecedented grim situation, in August of 10, the Japanese emperor presided over a command meeting, which decided to beg for surrender and accept the Potsdam Proclamation. /kloc-in August of 0/4, the Japanese emperor issued a truce. On September 2nd, aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay, Shigemitsu Mamoru, a representative of the Japanese government, and Umezu Yoshijiro, a representative of the military, formally signed the Japanese Surrender Letter, and Xu Yongchang, a representative of the China government, signed the Japanese Surrender Letter for confirmation. Here, the Japanese regard China as one of the "four great powers" in the world and formally surrender unconditionally to China! The Chinese nation 14 local war of resistance, the eight-year national war of resistance, the unity, sacrifice, struggle and persistence of the nation finally paid off at this moment! On September 3rd, it means that Japan's signature and surrender came into effect. In international law, Japanese militarism was defeated, and the world anti-fascist war and China's bloody war of resistance ended. 1On September 3, 945, the National Government ordered the whole country to celebrate for three days, and designated September 3 every year as the anniversary of the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. From August 1945 to September 3, China has been a sea of celebration. On September 2nd, the Japanese government delivered the surrender letter to China and other allies aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay, which pushed the national celebration to a climax.
"Victory Day of the Anti-Japanese War" is the most memorable. Compared with the World War II Memorial Day of any country in the world, it has the same commemorative value and shows the same great spirit: a country and a nation will fight tirelessly to defend their independence and dignity; No matter how powerful and cruel the enemy is, as long as they unite and persist, they will be defeated; The people have the ability to drive away the invaders and end all forms of oppression and slavery; As a member of the nations of the world, we can make great sacrifices to help other nations in need while resisting aggression; A nation that has suffered aggression and knows that peace is hard won is an important force for maintaining world peace. Moreover, compared with the World War II Memorial Day of any western country, China's "Victory Day of the Anti-Japanese War" also has special commemorative value-because of the Anti-Japanese War, we showed unprecedented national cohesion; Because of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, we abolished a series of unequal treaties and restored Taiwan Province Province. Because of the anti-Japanese war, we have grown from a weak country that has been bullied to a world-recognized power; Because of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, we have moved from national misery to national rejuvenation, so the people of China should remember this great day.
1September 3, 943
Italy surrendered to its allies.
1943 On September 3rd, Italian representatives signed an armistice agreement at the Allied Command near Kuza, Greece, Sicily.
Years of war brought Italy's economy to the brink of collapse. The national budget deficit is as high as 87 billion lira, and the income is only 36% of the expenditure. There is a shortage of grain plaques all over the country, the black market is rampant, and the people are struggling. The army is also in a "state of collapse", with a serious shortage of troops and low morale. After the defeat of Stalingrad, Hitler refused to provide new aid to Mussolini on the grounds of the tension on the eastern front, forcing Mussolini to continue to recruit soldiers as cannon fodder.
In this case, the Italian ruling group decided to abandon Mussolini to get rid of the crisis. 1On the night of July 24th, 943, the Supreme Council of Fascism passed a resolution to restore the constitutional monarchy and return the command of the army to the king. The next night, King Emmanuel III summoned Mussolini to resign, appointed Marshal Badoglio as Prime Minister, and formed a non-partisan government to announce the news to the world. Two days later, Mussolini was taken to Ponca Island and then sent to Maddalena Island. On July 28th, Badoglio announced the dissolution of the fascist party, ending the fascist rule of 2 1 year. In order to avoid Hitler's revenge, Pakistan announced on the surface that it would continue to fight Germany, but secretly sent a special envoy to talk with its allies and expressed its willingness to fight back. In mid-August, British Prime Minister Churchill and American President Roosevelt held talks in Quebec, Canada, and reached an agreement on the terms of the armistice, authorizing Allied Commander Eisenhower to surrender. On September 3, representatives of Italy and the United States signed an armistice agreement in the olive grove near Syracuse, Sicily, stipulating that the Italian army would immediately stop its military operations, the navy and air force would be evacuated to the places designated by the allies, and the troops fighting in various battlefields abroad would be immediately withdrawn, and the allies would have the right to use Italian airports and military bases.
After Mussolini's downfall, Hitler was worried that Italy would make its allies surrender, and the allies would care about landing in the south. So, on the pretext of reducing the defense burden in northern Italy, he sent Marshal Rommel to lead eight German divisions to cross the border and occupy the mountain pass in the Alps, and set up the Pisa-Rimini defense line in the north to support the other eight divisions stationed in the south of the defense line.
On the morning of the signing of the Armistice Agreement, the British Eighth Army crossed the Messina Strait, landed on the Apennine Peninsula, and advanced rapidly to southern Italy. On September 8th, Eisenhower and bardo Leo respectively broadcast the armistice declaration. In the early morning of the 9th, the Allies landed in Salerno, marched on the west coast of Italy, and occupied Naples in one fell swoop. After hearing the above broadcast, the Germans immediately disarmed the Italian army, arrested a large number of Italian officers, occupied Rome on September 10, and then took over the Italian mainland as far south as Naples. On the eve of the German occupation of Rome, the Italian royal family, bardo Leo and their government members fled hastily, and then arrived at the western end of Brin on September 10 by submarine. /kloc-In September of 0/3, the SS successfully rescued Mussolini and made him appear in black and pink. At the end of September, a fascist puppet regime was established in northern Italy to oppose the government of bardo Leo. 10 10 13, at the strong demand of the people, the Pakistani government officially withdrew from the fascist alliance and declared war on Germany. At the same time, the governments of Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union also issued declarations recognizing Italy as a party fighting against * * * *.
The collapse of Mussolini, the unconditional surrender of the German government and the declaration of war on Badoglio marked the disintegration of the Berlin-Rome axis and the great victory of the anti-fascist alliance.
In World War II, Italy, Germany and Japan formed the Axis against their allies. 1more than 943 years, the British and American Coalition forces defeated the German and Italian Coalition forces on the battlefield in North Africa. On July 10, the British and American allied forces landed in Sicily, southern Italy. At this time, Italy was in crisis. The fascist party lost the trust of the whole country, and some fascist party leaders, such as Chano and Boita, began to oppose Mussolini. They met with Mussolini on July 24th, demanding that he hand over the dictatorship. On the 25th, Mussolini resigned and was arrested on the same day. The king appointed General Staff Badorio to form a cabinet. His allies got in touch and held secret talks. On September 3rd, Eisenhower and Badorio signed an armistice agreement in Sicily, announcing Italy's withdrawal from the war. Then the allies landed in southern Italy. Germany quickly sent troops to occupy northern Italy. Badorio and the king moved the government to the south, and declared war on Germany on behalf of Italy in June 65438 +654381October+March. 1945 In May, the Germans surrendered and the whole of Italy was liberated.
1September 3, 945
Naming of Jiu San Society
The Jiu San Society was formerly known as the Democratic Science Society. September 3rd 1945, named Jiu San Society to commemorate the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The main persons in charge are Xu Deheng, Fan Wei and tax accountant Xi Heng. Its members are mainly intellectuals in culture, education, science and technology. 1September, 1949, attended the Chinese Political Consultative Conference. After the founding of New China, under the leadership of China Production Party, it took an active part in socialist construction.
1905 On September 3rd, American physicist Anderson was born in new york. Anderson is engaged in the research of gamma rays and cosmic rays. 1932, he made an experimental observation using Wei Sen Cloud Room and found the existence of a positron particle. 1933, he once again confirmed the existence of positrons. This great discovery has changed people's previous concept of "elementary particles" and is a leap in understanding. 1938, he confirmed the existence of mesons, for which he shared the 1936 Nobel Prize in Physics with Hess.
1On September 3rd, 985, China and Japanese scientific and technological personnel applied for a patent for agricultural antibiotics under the names of "SP- 120" and "RK- 120" respectively, which had never been known to the world before. This new agricultural antibiotic was discovered by scientists in China and Japan. It is a polypeptide compound composed of amino acids such as valine, glycine and leucine. In 100~200ppm solution, it has a good control effect on vegetable gray mold and anthracnose, and is also effective in controlling rice sheath blight. Toxicity test shows that it belongs to low toxicity pesticide and is relatively safe for people and animals.
1On September 3, 975, the Viking -2 spacecraft launched by the United States successfully landed on the surface of Mars.
1September 3, 990, China's second experimental meteorological satellite "Fengyun-1" was successfully launched from Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center and entered the sun-synchronous orbit.