The planting of four-season roses has broad prospects, so everyone will definitely want to know how to grow four-season roses. Below are the four-season rose planting techniques that I have carefully compiled for you. Let’s take a look.
Cultivation techniques of roses in four seasons
1. Selection of planting areas and varieties: Choose sand with deep soil, loose soil structure, low groundwater level, good drainage, and rich in organic matter. Quality soil is suitable. There are many varieties of roses, and different varieties are selected according to different gardening purposes. Rose gardens with the purpose of producing buds can choose Fenghua roses, double roses or purple-branched roses. The sprouted seedlings must have 2 to 3 branches, and the root system of the grafted seedlings must be developed. The plant height is above 30 cm.
2. Planting time and method: Roses can be planted all year round, and the best planting period is after the leaves fall in autumn and before budding in spring. The best planting period is after the leaves fall in autumn and before freezing.
3. Soil, fertilizer and water management:
1. Cultivating and weeding are carried out during the rose growth period. Cultivating is done 4-5 times a year. The depth of cultivating is generally 20-20 cm, and weeds are removed at the same time. Grasses, especially perennial weeds and creeping climbers.
2. Reasonable fertilization: When rose buds begin to sprout in early spring from February to March, nitrogen-based fast-acting fertilizers combining nitrogen and phosphorus, such as urea, diammonium phosphate, etc., should be applied in kilograms per acre. Mid-April to late May is the budding and flowering stage of roses. Insufficient fertilizer and water during this period will directly affect the yield and quality of flowers, causing the petals to be thin, the oil content to be reduced, and a large number of buds to fall. During this period, an appropriate amount of topdressing should be applied. Quick-acting compound fertilizer, dosage 15-20 kg per acre. Irrigate thoroughly after each fertilization. From mid-August to mid-October, the branches and leaves gradually stop growing, and nutrients accumulated through photosynthesis return to the root system in large quantities. Organic base fertilizer should be applied during this period. The base fertilizer can be combined with deep plowing at the same time, and the dosage per mu is 2-3 tons.
4. Rose pruning: It can be divided into winter and spring pruning and post-flowering pruning.
1. Pruning in winter and spring is carried out after the roses fall off their leaves and before they sprout. Mainly thin pruning. Select 15-plus branches from each cluster. If there is a large space, you can cut it short to promote the growth of branches. branches to ensure flower production. Rose bushes with strong growth and many old branches should be pruned appropriately to achieve concentrated nutrition, promote the germination of new branches, and restore growth.
2. Post-flowering pruning is carried out after the flowers are harvested. It is mainly used for vigorous growth and dense branch clusters to remove dense branches, cross branches and overlapping branches. However, it should be pruned lightly, otherwise It will cause imbalance in the balance between the above ground and underground, causing adverse consequences.
5. Prevention and control of pests and diseases: The main diseases and pests of roses include rust, black spot, powdery mildew, chafers, beetles, red spiders, etc. Generally, 5% lime sulfur mixture is sprayed once before germination to eliminate overwintering pests and diseases; 0.5% phoxim is sprayed in early April to control chafers; 0.5% dicofol and 0.125% dicofol are sprayed to control red spider mites from May to June; From June to August, spray 0.125%-0.167% Vertex or 0.5% Bordeaux mixture 2-3 times. At the same time, promptly prune branches affected by rust and powdery mildew in spring or the growing season.
6. Renewal and rejuvenation: The high-yielding period of roses is generally 7-8 years old, and roses after 10 years old can be gradually regenerated or rejuvenated. There are two main methods: one is the one-time renewal method, that is, before and after frost, all rose branches are cut off 5-60n from the ground, and then the rose bushes are cultivated into a steamed bun shape with fine soil to stimulate the growth of new branches the next year. This method has basically no output in the second year. The second is the year-by-year renewal method. Each year, according to the growth of the rose bush, appropriately cut off some dead branches, slender branches, aging branches and diseased and insect-infested branches, so as to encourage the flower bush to grow new and tender branches every year and keep the flower bush growing vigorously, which will not reduce the yield, but also To achieve the purpose of renewal and rejuvenation.
7. Harvest at the right time: Late April to early June is the picking period for roses. The process of a rose from flower bud formation to full flower opening can be divided into six stages: budding stage, mid-bud stage, bud full stage, petal beginning stage, half-opening stage and full-opening stage. For medicinal roses, the buds are required to be fully enlarged and the petals have not yet cracked, which is when the buds are full. To extract rose essential oil, they should be picked when they are half-open and cup-shaped, that is, when the flowers are half-open.
Tips for planting roses in four seasons
1. Preparation before planting:
Roses like water and fertilizer. The cultivation medium requires good permeability and rich content. Organic matter, pH value 5.5-6.8.
In the cultivation tank, it is best to apply 15 to 20% of decomposed cow dung, 30% of peat, and 1% of ordinary calcium as base fertilizer.
2. Cultivation:
After receiving the seedlings, please cultivate them as soon as possible. The 60CM cultivation tank is planted in two rows, with a row spacing of 40CM and a plant spacing of 20CM. After planting, water enough water for rooting in time. , spray fungicides such as good life or antiviral alum; cover with 60% shading net for 15 to 20 days, and remove after slowing down the seedlings. During the seedling slowing period, be sure to moisturize the seedlings. If the humidity is too low and the leaves are dehydrated, please use spraying to replenish water to the plants. This is critical to improving the survival rate of the seedlings. (Plant spacing , apply once a week.
Bud pruning: Maintain good plant shape and tree vigor through bud pruning.
IV. Pest and disease control
Pests: Common pests of roses are: red spider mites, aphids, which can be controlled with omethoate, dichlorvos, promethate, dicofol, etc. Disease: Powdery mildew is the most common disease of roses. It can be prevented and controlled by spraying Nova, Pink Rust Cleaner, Sulfur Glue Suspension, etc.
Rose planting technology
Land preparation and bordering
Deeply plow the soil before planting, and use bitter to disinfect the soil to completely mix the soil and fertilizer. The width of the border is 12cm, the width of the ditch is 40cm, and the length of the border is 5.5~6.0m. Do not beat the soil too finely, as too fine aerobic properties will result in slow seedlings and slow growth in the later stages. Leave about 50cm on the south side of the greenhouse.
Planting
There is no strict limit on the planting time of roses. They can be planted all year round, and the best time is spring and autumn. When planting, plant 2 rows in each border, with a row spacing of 40cm, a plant spacing of 10~12cm, and a spacing of 40cm on both sides of the cultivation bed, with an average of 7~8 plants/m2, and about 63,000 seedlings/hm2. The planting density of different varieties varies.
Field management
After planting and slowing down the seedlings, plow and loosen the soil in time, and prevent and control spider mites, aphids, and powdery mildew. When the plant grows to about 25cm, start to press the branches. The time to press the branches is at noon on a sunny day, otherwise it will be easy to break. It usually takes 5 years after the roses are transplanted, so fertilization needs to be heavy and heavy. Generally, about 60t/hm2 of organic fertilizer, 750kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate, and 2250kg/hm2 of superphosphate are applied. The organic fertilizer must be fully decomposed. Water the seedlings about 7 days before planting to keep the bed soil moist. Water in time after planting. The planting water must be poured thoroughly. Sprinkle water 1 to 2 times a day between 12 and 16 o'clock on sunny days to keep the bed surface moist.