(1) Fine organic fertilizer. Refers to the commercial organic fertilizer produced in factory, which does not contain microorganisms with specific fertilizer efficiency and mainly provides organic matter and a small amount of nutrients. Fine organic fertilizer crop is a kind of fertilizer with high organic matter content, and it is the main fertilizer variety of green agricultural products, organic agricultural products and pollution-free agricultural products.
(2) Organic and inorganic compound fertilizer. It is a mixture or combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers, containing a certain proportion of organic matter and high nutrients, which is consistent with the principle of "organic-inorganic combination" advocated by scientific fertilization in China at present.
(3) Bio-organic fertilizer. Refers to the commercial organic fertilizer produced by the factory containing specific fertilizer-efficient microorganisms. In addition to high organic matter, it also contains functional microorganisms to improve the nutrient release ability of fertilizer or soil. With the development and breakthrough of microbial technology, the development prospect of bio-organic fertilizer is very considerable.
What are the main types of seeders? There are mainly air suction type, no-tillage type and spoon type. Bonon brands are available, and the variety is complete.
What are the main types of facial paralysis?
According to the different damaged parts, it can be divided into central facial paralysis and peripheral facial paralysis.
The lesion of central facial paralysis is located between the facial nucleus of brain stem and cerebral cortex, which is usually caused by cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage and intracranial tumor. It may be accompanied by central system symptoms, such as headache, dizziness, vomiting, loss of consciousness, hemiplegia, aphasia, incontinence, etc.
Peripheral facial paralysis is common in clinic, and the lesion is located between the facial nerve from the brain stem and the facial expression muscle. Because the main part of facial nerve passes through the temporal bone where the inner ear and middle ear are located, facial paralysis is closely related to otological diseases.
What are the vegetation types in China: tropical rain forest, subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest, temperate grassland, temperate desert and cold temperate coniferous forest?
What new organic fertilizer equipment are there? There are fermentation equipment, crushing equipment, stirring equipment, granulating equipment, conveying equipment, drying equipment and automatic packaging equipment. The technological process is simple ~ fermentation-crushing-stirring-granulation-drying-cooling-screening-coating-packaging and so on. organic fertilizer equipment
What kinds of organic fertilizers can be divided into? Organic fertilizers can be divided into the following categories:
night soil
A mixture of urine and feces excreted by the human body. Human excrement contains about 70% ~ 80% water, 20% organic matter (fiber, fat, protein, silicon, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium and other salts and chlorides), and a small amount of fecal odor, fecal bile and pigment. Human urine contains water, urea, salt, uric acid, hippuric acid, phosphate, ammonium salt, trace elements and auxin. Human excrement is often mixed with germs and parasite eggs, so it should be treated harmlessly before application to avoid polluting the environment. The carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N) of human feces is low, and it is easy to decompose. It contains a lot of nitrogen, which can be used as available nitrogen fertilizer after decomposition, not only as base fertilizer, but also as topdressing, and should be applied in combination with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. But it cannot be mixed with alkaline fertilizers (plant ash, lime); The dosage should not be too much each time; Dry land should be diluted with water, and the soil should be restored after application; Paddy fields should be combined with ploughing and sprinkled evenly in shallow water to avoid volatilization, loss and unnecessary growth of crops. Chlorine-free crops should not be used to avoid affecting quality.
Barn fertilizer
Livestock manure, litter and feed residue are mixed and piled up to make fertilizer through microbial action. Rich in organic matter and various nutrients. Among all kinds of animal manure, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in sheep manure is higher, followed by pig manure and horse manure, and cow manure is the lowest; Cow dung excretes the most, followed by pigs and horses, and sheep dung is the least. The liner materials are straw, weeds, fallen leaves, peat and dry soil. Feces are divided into internal product system (padding is directly sprinkled into the pen to absorb feces) and external product system (livestock manure is cleared from the pen and stacked layer by layer with padding). Be decomposed and decomposed by anaerobic gas. During storage, its chemical composition changes under the action of microorganisms. The role of manure: ① Provide plant nutrients. Comprises essential macro elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur, and trace elements of iron, manganese, boron, zinc, molybdenum, copper and other inorganic nutrient elements; Amino acids, amides, nucleic acids and other organic nutrients and active substances such as vitamin B 1, B6, etc. Maintain a relative balance of nutrition. ② Improve the availability of soil nutrients. Manure contains a large number of microorganisms and various enzymes (protease, urease, phosphorylase), which transform organic nitrogen and phosphorus into inorganic state for crops to absorb. It can also make calcium, magnesium, iron and aluminum in the soil form stable complexes, reduce the fixation of phosphorus and improve the available phosphorus content. ③ Improve soil structure. Humus colloid can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, reduce bulk density, improve soil permeability and coordinate the contradiction between water and gas. It can also improve the buffering performance of soil and improve mine toxic fields. (4) Improve soil fertility, improve soil fertility and water retention. Manure is mainly used as base fertilizer after decomposition. The nutrients in fresh manure are mostly organic matter, and the C/N ratio is high, so it is not suitable for direct application, especially in paddy fields.
compost
Plant substances such as crop straw, green manure and weeds are mixed with soil, human feces and garbage. Fertilizer is decomposed by aerobic microorganisms. It can provide nutrients and improve soil properties, especially sand, clay and saline soil.
According to different raw materials, composting methods can be divided into high-temperature composting and ordinary composting. High-temperature composting takes plant substances with high fiber content as the main raw materials, and generates a lot of heat under ventilation conditions. The temperature in compost is high (50 ~ 60℃), so it decomposes and composts quickly and has high nutrient content. It can kill germs, eggs and weed seeds during high temperature fermentation. Common compost is generally mixed with more soil, with low fermentation temperature, slow decomposition process and long composting time. In the process of composting, the chemical composition of nutrients changes, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen decreases, and the mineral nutrients that can be directly absorbed by plants increase to form humus.
Good conditions for composting: ① moisture. Maintaining proper water content is the primary condition to promote microbial activity and compost fermentation. Generally, 60% ~ 75% of the maximum water holding capacity of compost material is appropriate. ② Ventilation. Maintaining proper air in the reactor is beneficial to the reproduction and activity of aerobic microorganisms and promotes the decomposition of organic matter. When composting at high temperature, more attention should be paid to the compactness of the pile to facilitate ventilation. ③ Maintain a neutral or slightly alkaline environment. Appropriate amount of lime or calcareous soil can be added to neutralize and adjust acidity and promote microbial reproduction and activity. ④ Carbon-nitrogen ratio. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen for normal decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms is 25∶ 1. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of leguminous green manure is15 ~ 25:1,weeds are 25 ~ 45:1,and gramineous crops are 60 ~100:1. Therefore, according to the types of compost materials, appropriate substances with high nitrogen content are added to reduce the carbon-nitrogen ratio and promote microbial activity.
Composting
Crop straw, green manure, weeds and other plant substances. It is put together with rivers, pond sludge and human feces, and fermented by anaerobic respiration of microorganisms. Generally used as base fertilizer, applied to rice fields. Compost can be divided into compost and grass pond mud. Multiple cropping fertilizer can be accumulated at any time, while grass pond mud is accumulated in winter and spring. Due to lack of oxygen, a large number of intermediate products of ferrous iron, manganese and various organic acids are accumulated, the ratio of carbon to nitrogen is high, and calcium and magnesium nutrients are lacking, which is not conducive to microbial activities. To turn over the pond, add green manure, human excrement and urine, lime and so on. Supplementing oxygen, reducing the ratio of carbon to nitrogen, improving the nutritional status of microorganisms and accelerating decomposition.
Biogas manure
Residues such as crop straw, grass and human feces produced by microbial fermentation in biogas digesters. Rich in organic matter and essential nutrients. Biogas fermentation is slow, organic matter consumption is low, loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is low, nitrogen recovery rate is 95%, and potassium is above 90%. Biogas slurry and fertilizer are used as topdressing in dry land; Slag fertilizer, as a paddy field base fertilizer, should be restored to the soil after application if it is used as a dry land base fertilizer. Biogas manure should be piled up for several days before it can be used.
Waste fertilizer
Fertilizer mainly composed of waste and bio-organic residues. Its types are: domestic garbage; Domestic sewage; Slaughterhouse waste; Sea fertilizer (local fertilizer composed of animals, plants or minerals in coastal areas).
Natural mineral fertilizer
Mineral fertilizers include potassium mineral powder, phosphate rock powder, calcium chloride, natural potassium magnesium sulfate fertilizer and other natural substances that have not been chemically processed. Such products must pass organic certification and be produced in strict accordance with organic standards before they can be used in organic agriculture. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the "organic natural potassium magnesium sulfate fertilizer" certified by citic guoan as an organic product can be supplemented with potassium, which fills the gap in domestic organic natural mineral fertilizers and solves the problem of difficult potassium supplementation in organic agriculture.
Other fertilizers
In addition, there are mud fertilizer, smoked soil, pit soil, muck and cake fertilizer. Soil and fertilizer should be stored and dried, and muck and cake fertilizer should be used as base fertilizer after decomposition.
What kinds of organic fertilizers are there? Organic fertilizer: mainly refers to the fertilizer (including processed rapeseed cake) formed by fermentation and decomposition of various animals and plants for a certain period of time. Organic fertilizer contains a lot of biomass, animal and plant residues, excreta, biological waste and other substances. The application of organic fertilizer can not only provide comprehensive nutrition for crops, but also has long-term effect, which can increase and update soil organic matter, promote microbial reproduction, improve soil physical and chemical properties and biological activity, and is the main nutrient source for green food production.
Organic fertilizer can be divided into:
1。 Compost: It is an organic fertilizer made of various kinds of orange stalks, fallen leaves, grass, animal and plant residues, human and animal manure and a small amount of soil.
2。 Compost: Compost materials are basically the same as compost, but fermented under submerged conditions.
3。 Manure: refers to the manure of pigs, cattle, horses, sheep, chickens, ducks and other livestock and poultry, made of straw padding.
4。 Biogas manure: In a sealed biogas digester, by-products produced by decomposition of organic matter include biogas slurry and residues.
5。 Green manure: Use cultivated or wild green plants as fertilizer. Such as leguminous mung beans, broad beans, sweet clover, sesbania, alfalfa and vetch seeds. Non-leguminous green manure includes ryegrass, radish, sunflower seed, manjianghong, water hyacinth, water peanut and so on.
Crop straw: Crop straw is one of the important organic fertilizers. Crop straw contains essential nutrients for crops, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sulfur. Under suitable conditions, these elements are mineralized and then returned to the soil through the action of soil microorganisms, which are absorbed and utilized by crops.
6。 Cake fertilizer: rapeseed cake, cottonseed cake, bean cake, sesame cake, castor cake, tea seed cake, etc.
7。 Mud fertilizer: unpolluted river mud, pond mud, ditch mud, harbor mud, lake mud, etc.
With the continuous development of science and technology, a variety of bio-organic fertilizers can be produced through artificial pure culture technology and scientific refining of beneficial bacteria, which can improve soil quality, reduce environmental pollution and increase fertilizer efficiency. Bio-organic fertilizer will be the main development trend of fertilizer for agricultural production in the future.
With the progress and development of science and technology, there is no best, only suitable.
At present, agricultural science and technology workers have developed better organic fertilizers:
1. The solid fertilizer is a fully decomposed cake fertilizer: the effective number of viable bacteria is 20 million units, the organic NPK is 8.5%, the organic matter (carbon C) is 85%, and the others contain all effective nutrients such as trace elements, vitamins, amino acids and humic acid.
2. As liquid or pasty organic fertilizer, it is biochemical potassium fulvic acid: organic NPK 15%, organic matter C50%, humic acid Ha46.3%, amino acid A8%, other trace elements and vitamins containing 16, especially active substances with alertness agents (plant endogenous hormones). It is an important organic fertilizer raw material of patented organic chelating concave-convex granular fertilizer, with high fertilizer utilization rate and wide adaptability. This product can be sprayed 10kg per mu, and the comprehensive effect is very obvious.
In addition, some valuable new organic materials are being used to produce fertilizers, such as high-protein fish, soybeans, protein powder, amino acids and feed-grade fish meal. Practice has proved that it is not advisable to make organic fertilizer directly, such as nutrient utilization rate and input-output ratio. It would be more scientific if most of the nutritional energy was first converted by animals and then made into fertilizer.
Of course, there are cowhide powder with high available phosphorus content, as well as plant straw, seaweed, bird droppings, natural phosphogypsum, humic acid, diatomite minerals and so on. It is indeed some good organic fertilizer raw materials, which are worthy of comprehensive development and utilization. In the process of modernization of green, ecological and organic agricultural industries in the future, these excellent natural organic fertilizers will play a great role in ecological protection and low-carbon energy saving.