According to the definition of NPE, it can be seen that non-patent implementation entities have the following characteristics:
(1) The entities are inventors, universities, and scientific research entities that hold patent rights or patent application rights. Institutions, institutions, enterprises, etc. For example, Edison, which has accumulated more than 2,000 patents, the University of California (which was once selected as the largest "patent troll" in the United States by the Wall Street Journal), the Royal Australian Scientific and Industrial Research Institute, and Japan's SEL (Semiconductor Energy Laboratory) ).
(2) The objects of behavior are generally divided into upstream and downstream ends. Upstream refers to the source of patent operations. Downstream refers to the target of patent operations. Among them, the sources of patent operations include one's own technological innovation and those obtained from other sources. Like Edison, although he innovated some of his own inventions, many of his patents were purchased. Patent operations target companies that produce, manufacture, or sell products (either through patent licensing or patent litigation against these companies) or defend against companies that engage in offensive behavior.
(3) Non-patent implementing entities provide intangible products such as patents, and they do not produce, manufacture or sell tangible products. This is the biggest difference between them and patent implementing entities.