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(5) Temperature requirements: The suitable growth temperature of ginseng is about 25 degrees, and it can withstand the low temperature of MINUS 30 degrees (ginseng is frozen in winter here), and the temperature difference between day and night is good.
(6) Humidity requirement: The temperature of rain in the north is low, and ginseng doesn't like hot rain. It should be possible to control the humidity of ginseng by controlling the humidity of orchids.
After reference, I think ginseng is suitable for low temperature environment, but it is not ideal in the south, so I suggest taking some measures.
I reprinted the original text.
There will be many inquiries about the technology of planting ginseng on the Internet. Here, I will only talk about our family's experience in cultivating ginseng in the past 30 years. During this period, some unscientific terms may appear, because we are just folk cultivation, not scientific research. Please forgive me if there are any unscientific points.
1. The development history of ginseng in my family.
In the late 1960s, my grandfather's family fled from Shandong to the northeast. At that time, the living conditions of his grandfather's family were so hard that there was no place to live, so he had to live in the bullpen of the production team at that time.
In the late 1970s, my grandfather began to learn to grow ginseng, which reached a certain scale in the early 1980s. My father (who also fled from Shandong to the northeast) and my mother also began to grow ginseng. In 1980s and 1990s 10 period, the price of ginseng was very high. Our family has accumulated some property by growing ginseng and started to have our own industry. It is unprofitable to grow crops in the northeast, but my two sisters and I can.
By the end of 1990s, our family began to process ginseng (before that, we sold primary products). With our own processing plant, ginseng can be processed into various finished products.
In 2004, Berberis Berberis and Korean ginseng in our family applied for national patents and became professional ginseng sellers integrating planting, processing and wholesale.
2. How to plant ginseng in Northeast China and the planting environment.
(1) Site: Planting ginseng in the northeast is to cut down all the trees in a sloping forest (with bad grassland), remove all the roots of the trees, and then cultivate the soil into ridges (the ridge height is about 30 cm, the ridge width is 150-200 cm, and the length can be determined according to the terrain).
(2) Soil: The cultivation soil of ginseng is very demanding, and the yellow soil with slight acidity (PH 5.5) under the oak tree in the virgin forest (black soil does not want to grow roots) is the best; Whether the temperature of the meadow is low; The soil for growing crops is too hard; The ground burned before was not good; The land where ginseng has been planted before is not good; The poplar forest land with long birch is not good. Ginseng is easy to grow, but it is difficult to find the best place to grow ginseng in non-forest areas. This is also the reason why the price of ginseng has risen in recent years. In a word, the soil for planting ginseng requires high organic matter content, loose and fertile soil, strong water retention and good drainage.
(3) Propagation methods: There are two kinds of propagation methods of ginseng. One is seed propagation, which is suitable for large growers, because it takes 4-5 years for ginseng to grow from seed to finished product, and the time interval from investment to profit is too long for novices, while large growers sell finished products every year, sow seeds every year and make profits every year. The other is seedling propagation, which directly cultivates 2-3-year-old seedlings with an investment of 650 yuan.
(4) Cultivation season: Ginseng is cultivated twice a year in Northeast China, once at the end of April, once in early May and once at the end of September. Because the spores of ginseng are closed during these two periods, it can't be transplanted from May to September, and ginseng is dormant from June to March of the following year.
(5) Temperature requirements: The suitable growth temperature of ginseng is about 25 degrees, and it can withstand the low temperature of MINUS 30 degrees (ginseng is frozen in winter here), and the temperature difference between day and night is good.
(6) Humidity requirement: The temperature of rain in the north is low, and ginseng doesn't like hot rain. It should be possible to control the humidity of ginseng by controlling the humidity of orchids.
(7) Ventilation requirements: Ginseng prefers cool wind to dry hot wind (easy to cause disease) and strong wind (easy to make ginseng lodging).
(8) Lighting requirements: We have a personal shed on the ginseng ridge here. The shed surface is divided into bow-shaped and slope-shaped, and it is covered with anti-aging plastic sheets. Pour the loess into a big watering can and spray it on the plastic cloth, so that the shading rate of the plastic cloth covered with mud spots is about 25%. You can't directly use the sunshade net to raise orchids, because the sunshade net is not rain-proof.
(9) Drug management: There are many drugs planted by ginseng on the Internet, but my family has only used one in recent years: Diane. Spray once a week from July to August every year in sunny afternoons.
3. Some views on potted ginseng in South China
As we all know, ginseng in the north is expensive in the south, and orchids in the south are also expensive in the north. China's transportation network has played a great role in the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, which has made more and more people in Northeast China start to raise orchids in recent years, and a small-scale orchid market has gradually emerged in Northeast China. However, ginseng did not realize the south transfer project. Planting ginseng in a large area is too risky. Let's start with potted plants!
Southern friends potted ginseng, as individuals can appreciate the fruit of ginseng, if it can be raised for 3 years, it can have medicinal value; As an orchid garden, it may be a new business opportunity to raise ginseng seedlings and sell them in the flower market during the fruit period.
Although my family has been growing ginseng for many years, my experience cannot be directly applied to the south. I will discuss with you how to grow ginseng in the south according to my personal experience and my expectation:
(1) Selection of soil:
1. The best soil is humus, that is, the soil under the forest, because it is rich in organic matter. After digging, the roots of the soil must be removed, and the soil can be used directly without mixing other soil.
2. Garden soil is also acceptable. The air permeability of the garden soil is poor, so it needs to be mixed with some fine river sand, and the proportion of river sand is 10- 15%. Remember to break the lumps in the garden soil.
3. Turf soil is also acceptable. Peat soil has high organic matter content, but its water retention is too strong. When in use, it needs to be completely crushed, and fine river sand with the mixing ratio of 15-20% is used.
4. Pond stones, fairy soil, ceramsite, river pebbles, bark, burnt soil, phytolith, etc. It is not suitable for potted ginseng to raise orchids.
(2) Selection of pots: Ginseng is planted obliquely in the northeast (at an angle of about 30 degrees with the ground), not vertically. Therefore, when potted ginseng, you must choose a larger diameter. According to the size of ginseng seedlings, the diameter of the pot should be at least 20 cm, and the pot with good air permeability is better. If possible, it is best to nail a slot with a wooden board, because more people can be raised in a certain space.
(3) Choice of location: Ginseng likes ventilation, preferably cool air. Ginseng likes to see light, but it needs astigmatism. Direct shooting at noon is not good. So as long as you put ginseng in a ventilated place, you can see astigmatism.
(4). How to enter the basin:
1. Prepare a basin, and mix the thoroughly crushed soil (without impurities) with a small amount of river sand to prevent the soil from being too wet and slightly damp.
2. Fill the soil to 5-6 cm below the basin edge. Do not press the soil by hand, just shake the basin. Put the ginseng seedlings obliquely (at an angle of 30 degrees to the ground) on the soil surface with a spacing of 3-5cm (depending on the size of the seedlings), and there should be a certain distance (more than 3cm) between the reed head and the basin edge, so that the roots can naturally stretch.
3. Cover ginseng with soil with a thickness of 3cm (it must not be buried deep). Don't shake the pot after covering it to prevent ginseng from moving in the pot. Just press it gently with your hand (to prevent ventilation).
4. Keep the planted ginseng in a cool and ventilated place for 3-5 days. Don't water after planting. Ginseng is drought-resistant. After 5 days, spray the wet soil surface with a watering can and put it in a normal place for management.
(5) Post-watershed management
1. Turn off the water. Raising ginseng is the same as raising orchid. If you turn off the water, you are half successful. The topsoil of ginseng in my plantation is dry all summer, sometimes it is not wet 4 cm below the topsoil, but the body part of ginseng is always in a slightly wet state. So potted ginseng must not keep the soil wet for a long time. It's hard to say once every few days, because the temperature varies from place to place, so pay attention to ventilation after pouring. It is best that the basin surface is always dry and the ginseng body is slightly damp. It should be noted that ginseng should not be directly poured by rain. There is a plastic shed on ginseng in the north, and ginseng absorbs water through soil infiltration.
2. Keep ginseng in cool wind: ginseng likes cool wind, especially dry and hot wind, while some places in the south have dry and hot wind in summer and some places have humid wind in summer. This requires friends in the south to manually ventilate ginseng according to the field conditions. If the local wind is mostly dry and hot, it can increase the humidity of the environment around ginseng and reduce the temperature; If the local area is humid, it can be drained manually. In a word, dealing with the ventilation of ginseng is one of the keys to prevent ginseng from getting sick.
3. Astigmatism of washed ginseng: ginseng should not be exposed to strong light, which will make ginseng leaves yellow and slow down its growth. If southern friends plant indoors, they can use curtains to shade the sun; If it is planted outdoors, it is best to build a ginseng shed. The shed surface is 80- 120 cm from the ground, covered with plastic sheets, and some weeds are put on the plastic sheets to form broken light.
4. Give ginseng some medicine at the right time: We have been using "Dyson" here, spraying leaves once a week in summer afternoon, and ginseng leaves will take effect the next day. After spraying for half a month, the stems of ginseng will become thicker, which will enhance the disease resistance and accelerate the growth of ginseng. Friends in the south can also look up some other medicines online. After all, it is unscientific for us to use indigenous methods.
To be continued-
How to plant ginseng seeds;
1. Planting materials: It is best to use humus soil in the forest. There should be no impurities in the soil. There is really no humus soil, and the soil under the big tree can do it.
2. Pot: You can plant it directly in the ground, but remember that the soil surface should be half a meter higher than the ground; It can also be planted in a basin, but it is required that there must be water holes at the bottom of the basin, which is highly breathable.
3. Watering: Similar to orchids, it requires moistening but not wetting. Keeping the soil surface moist usually helps germination.
4. Fertilization: There is no need to fertilize ginseng buds before they are unearthed. After they were unearthed, we used "Dai" to represent them here. Southern friends may not have it, but I guess some fertilizers for orchids will do.
5. Lighting: Ginseng seedlings like lighting before 9: 00 a.m. and after 3: 00 p.m., and You Lan can make appropriate arrangements.
Friends, if you have any good experience, welcome to discuss.