In the history of China's chemical industry, there was an outstanding scientist who struggled for the chemical industry of the motherland all his life, and was famous in the world for his original alkali-making technology. He was like a hard cornerstone, supporting the building of China's modern chemical industry. Hou Debang, the pioneer, was called the "national treasure" and was admitted with 1 points in 1 subjects!
Hou Debang, whose name is Qirong, whose name is Zhiben, was born on August 9, 189 in an ordinary peasant family in Minhou County, Fujian Province. Since childhood, I have been working and studying, and I am diligent and eager to learn. I have the reputation of "trailer study". From 193 to 196, my aunt sponsored me to study at Yinghua College in Fuzhou. He witnessed foreign foremen bullying our dockworkers, and heard the outrageous news that racists in San Francisco of the United States persecuted overseas Chinese and expelled Chinese workers on a large scale, which made him have a strong patriotism. He took an active part in anti-imperialist and patriotic strike demonstrations. From 197 to 191, he studied at Shanghai Fujian-Anhui Railway College. After graduation, I worked as an intern in the British-funded Jinpu Railway. During this period, Hou Debang further felt that the imperialists exploited and oppressed the poor and backward China and people with their technical and economic advantages, and determined to master science and technology and use science and industry to save the suffering China. In 1911, Hou Debang was admitted to Beiping Tsinghua Preparatory School for Studying in the United States, and was well-known in tsinghua campus with 1 points in 1 subjects. In 1913, he was sent to study in the Chemical Engineering Department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He graduated in 1917 with a bachelor's degree, then went to Pratt College to study tanning, and obtained the diploma of tanning chemist the following year. In 1918, he went to the research institute of Columbia University to study tanning, and obtained a master's degree in 1919 and a doctorate in 1921. Because of her excellent academic performance, Hou Debang was accepted as a member of Sigma Xi Science Society and Phi L ambda Upsilon Chemical Society. Hou Debang's doctoral thesis "Iron Salt Tanning Leather" focuses on the characteristics of iron salt, and deeply discusses the main reasons and countermeasures for the shortcomings of iron salt tanned products, such as intolerance to temperature, roughness, brittle grain surface, perishable, easy to absorb moisture and salt spots, which is very original. The Journal of the American Association of Leather Chemists is serialized and published in full, which has become one of the classic documents widely quoted in the leather industry.
Hou Debang made three great contributions to chemical technology in his life. First, the secret of Sulweifa was uncovered. Secondly, the China people's own alkali-making process-Hou's alkali-making method was established. The third is his contribution to the development of small chemical fertilizer industry.
in p>1921, after receiving his doctorate from Columbia university, he resolutely gave up his favorite tanning major and returned to the motherland with great ambition of saving the country through industry.
In order to realize China people's dream of making soda by themselves, uncover the secret of Sulvi process and break the blockade of foreigners, Hou Debang devoted himself to the research and improvement of soda process. After five years of hard exploration, he finally produced qualified soda ash in 1926. Zi Zhiben, a famous chemist, was the founder of Hou's soda process. Born on August 9, 189 in a peasant family in Powei Village, Minhou County, Fujian Province. He graduated with honors from Yinghua College in Fuzhou in 197. In 1913, he completed his preparatory studies with excellent results and was sent to study in the United States at public expense. In 1921, he received his doctor's degree. In the same year, he accepted the employment of Wynn Alkali Industry Company and returned to China to develop China's chemical industry. He used to be the chief engineer and director of Tanggu Yongli Alkali Plant and Nanjing Yongli Ammonium Sulfate Plant, and the general manager of Yongli Chemical Company. In order to solve the urgent need for soda ash in domestic and foreign markets at that time, the famous Solway soda process was mastered and improved in a short time, which shortened the process and greatly increased the output. In 1939, a new continuous process of combined soda process was first proposed and designed by ourselves, which developed soda ash industry and nitrogen fertilizer industry. This is the famous "Hou's soda process".
He took an active part in the activities of the Science Society. He used to be the co-vice chairman of the All-China Natural Science Association, the chairman of chinese chemical society, the chairman of the China Chemical Industry Society, and a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. His main works are "Manufacture of Alkali", "Alkali Making" and "Alkali Making Technology". He died on August 26th, 1974 at the age of 84. Is the pride of China!
Shortly afterwards, China soda ash named "Red Triangle" won the gold medal at the World Expo held in Philadelphia, USA, and was praised as "the symbol of China's industrial progress". At the international commodity exhibition held in Switzerland in 193, the "Red Triangle" won the gold medal again, enjoying a good reputation in Europe, Asia and the United States.
In p>1937, when War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, Yongli Soda Factory was forced to move to Sichuan. At that time, because the salt price in the mainland was expensive, the traditional Solvi method was too expensive to maintain production. In order to find a soda production process suitable for the conditions in the mainland, Yongli Company was going to buy a new technology-the patent of Cha 'an method from Germany.
However, Germany colluded with Japan in secret. In addition to extorting high prices from Hou Debang and his party, they also put forward various conditions that were humiliating to China people. In order to safeguard national dignity, Fan Xudong resolutely decided not to negotiate with the Germans. Hou Debang, together with Wynn's engineers and technicians, carefully analyzed the ammonia-alkali process, and finally determined a new alkali-making process with its own independent characteristics. In 1941, this new process was named "Hou's alkali-making process".
in p>1957, in order to develop the small-scale fertilizer industry, Hou Debang proposed to prepare ammonium bicarbonate by carbonization. He personally led a team to Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Technology, and together with technicians, made the new process of carbonizing nitrogen fertilizer production successful. Hou Debang was the chief inventor. At that time, this small nitrogenous fertilizer plant made an indelible contribution to China's agricultural production.
Hou Debang was diligent and studious all his life. Although he was busy with his work, he still wrote books.
Personal Works
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The book "The Manufacture of Soda Alkali" was published in the series of American Chemical Society in new york in 1933. This chemical masterpiece thoroughly disclosed the secret of Sulvi's soda production for the first time, and was recognized as the authoritative monograph of soda production industry by chemical circles all over the world. At the same time, it was translated into many languages and published, which played an important role in the development of soda production industry in the world. Professor Wilson of the United States called this book "the great contribution made by China chemists to world civilization".
Alkali-making Engineering is a work of Hou Debang in his later years, and it is also a summary of his 4-year experience in alkali-making industry. The scientific level of the whole book is greatly improved compared with the book "soda ash manufacturing". This book systematically dedicates "Hou Shi Alkali Method" to readers, which has aroused strong repercussions in academic circles at home and abroad.
Biography
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Born in Minhou County, Fujian Province on August 9, 189.
I graduated from Shanghai Fujian-Anhui Railway School in 191.
I graduated from Tsinghua Preparatory School for Studying in the United States in 1913.
In 1916, he graduated from the Chemical Engineering Department of Massachusetts Institute of Technology with a bachelor's degree.
In 1918, he graduated from Pratt College in new york, USA, and obtained the certificate of tanning chemist.
from 1918 to 1921, he studied tanning in the graduate school of Columbia University, USA, and obtained a master's degree in 1919 and a doctorate in 1921.
Since 1921, he has worked as an engineer in Yongli Soda Company, and in 1923, he served as the chief technician (chief engineer) and manufacturing chief.
Since 1927, he has served as chief engineer and director of Tanggu Alkali Plant in Yongli Chemical Industry Company, chief engineer of Nanjing Tancheng Plant in 1936, director and chief engineer of Yonglichuan Plant in 1938 and general manager of the company in 1945.
In 195, he was a member of the Central Financial and Economic Committee and a technical consultant of the Ministry of Heavy Industry.
In 1952, he served as the general manager of Wynn Chemical Industry Company, a public-private joint venture.
Since 1955, he has been employed as a member of the Technical Department of China Academy of Sciences.
in 1958, he served as vice minister of chemical industry.
Since 1922, he has been elected as director and executive director of chinese society of chemical industry. Director and chairman of China Chemical Engineering Society; Chairman chinese chemical society; Chairman of China Chemical and Chemical Society; Director and chairman of the Preparatory Committee of China Chemical Industry Society.
Since 1949, he has been elected as a member of the National Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference and a member of the Standing Committee of the Second, Third and Fourth National Committees.
In 195, he was elected as the vice chairman of the All-China Federation of Natural Sciences, and in 1958, he was elected as the vice chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology.
In 1953, he joined the China Democratic National Construction Association and was elected as the first and second members of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee.
since 1954, he has been elected as a deputy to the first, second and third National People's Congress.
in 1957, he joined the China * * * production party.
died in Beijing on August 26th, 1974.
Hou Debang (Qi Rong, whose word is Zhi Ben) was born on August 9, 189 in an ordinary peasant family in Powei Township, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. In 197, he graduated with honors from Yinghua College in Fuzhou. In 191, he graduated from Fujian-Anhui Railway School and went to Jinpu Railway as a construction trainee. In 1911, he was admitted to Tsinghua University in Beijing to study in America. In 1913, he was famous throughout the school with a score of 1 points in 1 subjects, and was sent to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He graduated in 1916 with a bachelor's degree. In 1919, he received a master's degree from Columbia University. In 1921, he received his Ph.D. degree in this school with the paper "Tanning Leather with Iron Salt".
This year, Hou Debang received an unusual letter from the motherland, which was sent by a patriotic industrialist, Mr. Fan Xudong. At that time, it was during the traffic jam in Europe and Asia after the First World War. China has always relied on imported foreign caustic soda to cut off its source, and the national economy and people's livelihood have been seriously affected. Mr. Fan Xudong is determined to establish Wynn Alkali Company on the basis of Tanggu Jiuda Refined Salt Company and further develop China's own soda industry, but because there were no professionals in China at that time, he sent a letter to Hou Debang, who was studying in the United States, imploring him to return home to revitalize the national industry of the motherland. In this way, with the great ambition of saving the country through industry, Hou Debang resolutely gave up his favorite tanning major and returned to his motherland after eight years' absence. In order to realize China people's dream of making soda by themselves, to uncover the secret of Sulvi's production and to break the blockade of foreigners, Hou Debang devoted all his body and mind to the research and improvement of soda production technology. After five years of hard exploration, he finally produced qualified soda ash in 1926. Shortly thereafter, China Soda named "Red Triangle" won the gold medal at the World Expo held in Philadelphia, USA, and was praised as "the symbol of China's industrial progress". At the international commodity exhibition held in Switzerland in 193, "Red Triangle" won the gold medal again, enjoying a good reputation in Europe, Asia and the United States. In 1937, when War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, Yongli Soda Factory was forced to move to Sichuan. At that time, because the salt price in the mainland was expensive, the traditional Sulvi method was too expensive to maintain production. In order to find a soda production process suitable for the conditions in the mainland, Yongli Company was prepared to buy a new technology-the patent of Cha 'an method from Germany, but Germany colluded with Japan in secret. In addition to extorting high prices from Hou Debang and his party, it also proposed various conditions that were humiliating to China people. In order to safeguard the nation. Hou Debang, together with Wynn's engineers and technicians, carefully analyzed the process of Cha 'an method, and finally determined a new alkali production process with its own independent characteristics. In 1941, this new process was named "Hou's alkali production process".
in 1957, in order to develop the small-scale fertilizer industry, Hou Debang proposed to prepare ammonium bicarbonate by carbonization. He personally led a team to Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Technology, and together with technicians, made the new process of carbonizing nitrogen fertilizer production successful. Hou Debang was the chief inventor. At that time, this small nitrogenous fertilizer plant made an indelible contribution to China's agricultural production.
Hou Debang made three great contributions to chemical technology in his life. First, the secret of Sulweifa was uncovered. Secondly, the China people's own alkali-making process-Hou's alkali-making method was established. The third is his contribution to the development of small chemical fertilizer industry.
Hou Debang was diligent and studious all his life. Although he was busy with his work, he wrote books and published more than 7 papers. The book soda ash manufacturing was published in new york in 1933 as a series of American Chemical Society. This chemical masterpiece thoroughly disclosed the secret of Sulvi's soda production for the first time, and was recognized as the authoritative monograph of soda production industry by chemical circles all over the world. At the same time, it was translated into many languages and published, which played an important role in the development of soda production industry in the world. Professor Wilson of the United States called this book "the great contribution made by China chemists to world civilization". Alkali-making Engineering is a work of Hou Debang in his later years, and it is also a summary of his 4 years' experience in alkali-making industry. The scientific level of the whole book is much higher than that of the book "soda ash manufacturing". This book systematically dedicates "Hou Shi Alkali Method" to readers, which has aroused strong repercussions in academic circles at home and abroad.
Hou Debang's outstanding contribution to the world chemical industry has been respected and loved by people all over the world. At that time, the Royal Society of Britain hired him as an honorary member (at that time, there were only 12 foreign members, and Asia only had one in China and one in Japan). The American Society of Chemical Engineers and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers also hired him as an honorary member successively.
In May 1949, Hou Debang, who was helping work in India, received the news that Liu Shaoqi, vice chairman of the Central Committee of China, invited him to return to China, and declined the employment of India's Tata Company with an annual salary of 1, US dollars. After breaking through numerous obstacles, he detoured back to the embrace of the motherland for 5 days, and Comrade Nie Rongzhen personally met him at the station. Comrade Zhou Enlai visited the Wynn office at No.16, Dongsishitiao, and spoke highly of his patriotism. A few days later, President Mao Zedong met with Hou Debang again, listened to his views on revitalizing industry in detail, and put forward sincere hopes.
In 1949, he attended the first China People's Political Consultative Conference and was elected as a member of the first National Committee. Later, he served as the second, third and fourth session of the Standing Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the first, second, third and fourth sessions of the National People's Congress. At the same time, he has served as a member of the Central Finance Committee, consultant of the Chemical Industry Bureau of the Ministry of Heavy Industry, director of the Technical Committee of the Ministry of Chemical Industry, and deputy minister of the Ministry of Chemical Industry. In September 1957, he gloriously joined the China * * * Production Party. ?
Hou Debang is actively engaged in academic activities. He is one of the earliest members of the Science Society of China, and has served as the vice chairman of the All-China Federation of Natural Science Specialized Societies, the vice chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology, the chairman of chinese chemical society, the chairman of the China Chemical Industry Society, and the member of the Department of Technology of China Academy of Sciences.
On August 26th, 1974, this scientist who worked hard all his life and made outstanding achievements passed away at the age of 84. Zhu De, Zhou Enlai, Ye Jianying, Guo Moruo and other leading comrades sent wreaths, and Nie Rongzhen attended the memorial service on behalf of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. The wind and cloud of history passed away with the transfer of stars, but this famous figure in science and technology left a brilliant light mark on the rings of human history. Hou Debang's life of diligence, innovation and patriotism has been inspiring future generations to forge ahead and create a bright future for the motherland.
Hou's soda process
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Hou's soda process
(combined soda process)
(1) NH3+H2O+CO2 = nh4hco3
(2) nh4hco3+NaCl = NH4Cl+nahco3.