The first one is called "sharing a bed". What is "sharing a bed"? The answer is: the monarch is often confused by attaching importance to his wife, doting on his concubines and being fond of sex. I hope to get what the monarch wants when he is at ease and enjoying himself, and when he is drunk and full of food. This is a means that the monarch will certainly obey. As a minister, it is called "strange bedfellows" to flatter and bribe the monarch with gold and silver treasures.
The second one is called "Beside". What do you mean by "beside"? The answer is: artists, funny people and dwarves, cronies who control guards. This is the person who said yes before the monarch gave the order, the person who said yes before the order, the person who flattered the monarch's intention before the monarch's meaning was expressed, and the person who could read and feel the monarch's mind in advance. These are all advances and retreats together, answering with promises and acting with one voice to change the monarch's mind. As a minister of a man, he treats gold and silver treasures as precious playthings, does illegal things outside, and then lets them educate his master. This is called "being around".
The third kind is called "father and brother". What is "father and brother"? The answer is: the monarch's uncles and brothers are all close friends of the monarch's favorite people; Powerful ministers and court officials are the people with whom the monarch must plan things. These are people who try their best to discuss with the monarch, and of course the monarch will listen. As ministers of the people, the uncles and nephews who served the monarch used beautiful music and beautiful women to win over the powerful ministers and court officials, make an alliance with them to say things, and then give them a promotion and salary increase after the job is done, so as to convince their hearts and make them infringe on the rights and interests of the monarch. This is called "father and brother".
The fourth kind is called "disaster prevention". What does "supporting the victims" mean? The answer is: the monarch likes beautiful palaces, pavilions, ponds and pavilions, and likes to dress up his children and dogs to make himself happy. This is a disaster for the monarch. As ministers of mankind, they tried their best to build beautified palaces and pavilions, levied heavy taxes to dress up their children and dogs and horses for the monarch, confused the monarch's mind in order to please him, obeyed the monarch's desires and mixed their own selfish interests. This is called "disaster prevention".
The fifth type is called NLD. What is "NLD"? The answer is: as a minister, he squandered public property to please the people, and let people inside and outside the court praise himself with small favors. This is called "NLD".
The sixth kind is called "fashion". What is "popular"? The answer is: as a monarch, he is always confined to his own remarks and rarely hears others' comments, so he is easily moved by beautiful remarks and changes his mind. As a vassal of a person, looking for the eloquence of various vassal States everywhere, supporting some lobbyists at home and sending them to speak for their own self-interest-expressing various interests with clever language and popular words in society, making people afraid of disasters and fabricating false words to hurt the monarch, this is the so-called "popularity".
The seventh kind is called "Weiqiang". What is "Weiqiang"? The answer is: the people who lead the people rely on ministers and the people to form a powerful force. Governors and people think good, so you also think good; If it is not what ministers and people think is good, then the monarch also thinks it is not good. As a vassal of human beings, it is called "strong power" to gather chivalrous men with swords, to show their power by defending their fugitives, to say that they are good for themselves, and to punish them if they are not good for themselves, so as to intimidate princes and people and seek their own private interests.
The eighth kind is called "Sifang". What is "Sifang"? The answer is: those who lead the people should serve the big country when the country is small, and be afraid of the strong army when the army is weak. Small countries must obey the demands of big countries; The strong army is under pressure, and the weak army must obey. As a vassal of man, he increased taxes, exhausted the national treasury, hollowed out his country to serve the great powers, and used the power of the great powers to seduce his monarch; The powerful also mobilized the troops of big countries to gather at the border to restrict the country, while the lighter ones repeatedly recruited envoys of big countries to intimidate their monarchs and make them afraid. This is the so-called "quartet". Generally speaking, these eight means are the reason why the people's minister became a traitor, and also the reason why the contemporary monarch was deceived and coerced, so that he lost all his reason. We must examine them carefully.
Note: The original text of Han Shuguan's Biography
In Han Shu Guan Fu Zhuan, there are eight ways to make a person a traitor:
One is on a bed. What is "sharing a bed"? Yue: Your wife, you love obedient son 1, but you are lustful. This person is confused by the Lord. Listen to Yan's fear and ask her if she wants to get drunk. As a minister, a person confuses his master with gold and jade, which is called "strange bedfellows".
The second is "side". What is "beside"? It is said: you laugh at dwarfs, they know each other well. This man is a passive person, he didn't achieve Nuo Nuo, he took the will first, and he took the lead in observing his appearance and color. These are both going forward and going back, and they should all be right. The same word moves the main heart on the same track. When a minister plays well at home and acts illegally abroad, making him his master, he is called "on the side".
The three words are "father and brother". What is "father and brother"? Yue: the son of the side room, loved by the master; Ministers, courtiers and officials, the main place and scale of the people. This is all discussed as far as possible, and the owner will listen to whatever he wants. As a minister, a man works in his son's side room to make his children speak, receive the words of ministers and courtiers, and make appointments. When he has achieved his goal, he will go into Jue Lu Yi to convince his heart and make him the master. This is called "father and brother".
Fourth, "support disasters." What is "disaster prevention"? It is said that the owner loves the beauty of the palace pool and can decorate his children, dogs and horses to entertain his heart, which is also a disaster for the owner. A minister should try his best to win the hearts of the people, do what he wants and build his own interests. This is called "helping the needy".
Five words "cute". What is "popular"? As the saying goes, ministers share public money and talk about the people, and win over the people with small favors, so that all the people in the court can persuade them to praise themselves and get what they want by banning their masters. This is called "cute".
The sixth is "popularization". What is "popular"? As the saying goes, people who mind their own affairs stick to their own words, hoping to listen, discuss and be easy to reason. The courtiers seek the debaters of the princes, support those who can speak the country, and make them speak privately-Miao Yan and popular words, showing their advantages, fearing their disadvantages, and destroying their masters with false words. This is called popularity.
Seventh, "Wei Qiang". What is "Weiqiang"? It says, "The monarch is a powerful person, and his ministers and people are powerful." . If the princes and the people are good, then the monarch is good; If ministers and people are not good at it, then you are not good at it. To be a minister, gather guests with swords, support the dying, and show their power. Those who know themselves will benefit, those who don't die for themselves will do their own things for fear of their subjects. This is called "strong motivation".
Eight words "four directions". What is a "quartet"? As the saying goes, a small country is a big country, and weak soldiers are afraid of Qiang Bing. Small countries listen to what big countries demand; What Qiang Bing adds, the weak soldiers take. As a minister, we should pay more attention to expropriation, do our best in the national treasury, pretend that our country is a big country, and seduce our monarch with power; What's more, the soldiers gathered at the border, and those envoys shocked and frightened its monarch. This is the so-called "quartet". In all these eight cases, it can't be ignored that people and ministers became traitors and the Lord of the world was robbed and ruined.
Hanshu, also known as Pre-Hanshu, was compiled by Ban Gu, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China, with Yan Shigu's comments. It is the first biographical dynastic history in China, and it is one of the "twenty-four histories". Hanshu is another important historical book in ancient China after Shiji, and it is called "the first four histories" together with Shiji, Houhanshu and The History of the Three Kingdoms. Hanshu mainly describes the historical events from the first year of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC) to the fourth year of Emperor Wangmang of the New Dynasty (23 AD) and ***230 years. Hanshu includes twelve chapters, eight tables, ten records, seventy biographies and one hundred * * *. Later generations are divided into 120 volumes and 800,000 words.