Safety configuration: safety belt
Model: Volvo PV544
Year: 1959
When it comes to safety configuration, the most basic thing is definitely the seat belt. Although there are so many safety protection devices with the development of science and technology, none can replace seat belts. Simple and practical, and the protective measures have direct effect. In fact, in the history of automobiles, seat belts have gradually evolved into what they are today.
According to some data, as early as 100 years ago, something similar to a seat belt appeared on some high-end carriage seats, but it was only made of several ropes and two fixed points were installed on the carriage seats. Passengers can use ropes to fix their bodies when they sit down, which is somewhat similar to the seat belts on civil airliners.
Although this kind of seat belt is not reliable, it is enough for a very slow car. At 1922, more reliable and safer seat belts appeared in the racing car at that time. Later, Ford Motor Company wanted to equip ordinary road vehicles with seat belts, but it should be noted that there was no three-point seat belt at that time, so neither practical convenience nor actual protection effect was very good.
1August, 959, the first mass-produced civilian car equipped with three-point seat belts in automobile history was officially delivered to customers. The car came from Volvo and was named Volvo PV544. The inventor of the three-point seat belt was nils boleyn, who was the chief safety engineer of Volvo Car Company at that time, and his three-point seat belt has been in use ever since.
It is conceivable that this kind of seat belt that needs to be "tied" to the body was not optimistic when it was introduced, and it was even questioned and ignored. Even if people choose to buy Volvo PV544, few people will use its seat belt.
In order to change this situation, Volvo publicized the functions and benefits of three-point seat belts in 1963. In order to let people feel the excellent protective performance of seat belts more intuitively, they also conducted a series of collision demonstration tests. The final crash test results clearly show that vehicles equipped with seat belts can greatly protect passengers.
Therefore, Volvo PV544 is not only a far-reaching model for Volvo, but also plays a vital role in the whole history of automobile development. It is not only the first model equipped with three-point seat belts in the world automobile history, but also the first automobile manufacturer in the world to make three-point seat belts standard for all its models.
Safety configuration: airbag
Model: Mercedes W 126? S class
Year: 198 1 year
You may not think that the airbag on the car was invented no later than the three-point seat belt. 195 1 year, one named Walter? Linderer's German engineer designed the first airbag, and two years later applied for a patent in 1953. But what about Walter? Linderer has many defects, the most serious of which is that the airbag can not be completely inflated at the moment of vehicle accident, which means that the protective performance of the airbag is not great, so the airbag project was put on hold at that time.
Time is up 1963. The Japanese invented a brand-new airbag and applied for a patent. At present, the structure and principle of airbags equipped in cars are basically based on the airbags designed by the Japanese, so the Japanese are called the father of airbags.
Since 1970, many high-end models of luxury brand manufacturers in the world have been equipped with airbags, and the working mode and design of airbags have also been upgraded and adjusted. Although the airbag could be used normally and the protection effect was good at that time, people did not accept this configuration as when the three-point seat belt was just introduced, so it did not get rapid popularization at that time.
Nearly 10 years passed, and airbags were almost forgotten by people, but in 1979, Mercedes-Benz W 126? The introduction of S-class models has changed this situation. 198 1 Mercedes-benz W 126? S-class cars began to provide customers with the service of optional airbags. By 1985, the main driver's airbag has become the standard of top-equipped vehicles, the passenger's airbag has become the standard of 1986, the passenger's airbag has become the standard of top-equipped vehicles, and the front double airbags have become the standard of all vehicles of 19 1.
It can be seen that Mercedes-Benz's popularization of airbags is not as painstaking as Volvo's promotion of three-point seat belts. Mercedes-Benz is more simple and rude, and gradually turns airbags into logo configurations, which customers cannot do without. Therefore, in the history of automobiles, Mercedes-Benz has made great contributions to the popularization of airbags.
Safety configuration: anti-lock braking system (ABS)
Model: Chrysler Empire
Year: 197 1 year
Once I saw a car with ABS logo on the road, it was basically a high-end car, so that in recent nine years, many cars used ABS logo as the logo of high-end cars and top cars, and customers felt particularly proud to drive out. Today, things are different. ABS has already become the standard configuration of most vehicles and is no longer advertised, but its safety protection is still crucial.
Anti-lock braking system, abbreviated as ABS in English, full name: anti-lock braking? Brake? System. This ABS used to be a high-tech product in the aviation field, and later it was used in cars, so it is not surprising that it was used as a status symbol at first.
As for the working principle of ABS, everyone should be familiar with it now, that is, in the process of braking hard, in order to avoid the loss of control caused by braking lock, ABS will automatically take the way of "point braking" to brake. This kind of "point braking" is very fast, so there is no need to worry about weakening the braking performance, but the braking efficiency can reach over 90%.
The first model equipped with ABS device in automobile history is Zhan Sen 1966? FF Jensen is a British car manufacturer, but the production of this car is very low. It is reported that by the end of production, about 300 cars had been produced. The first real production car equipped with ABS system is the Chrysler Empire with model 197 1.
Imperial was positioned as an independent high-end brand at the beginning of its birth, and became a series of cars under the Chrysler brand from the fourth generation, but even so, the car still has its own independent platform, which is positioned as high-end luxury and expensive.
Safety configuration: electronic stability program (ESP)
Model: Mercedes-Benz W 140? S class
Year: 1995
Different automobile manufacturers may have different names for electronic stability programs, such as ESP of Mercedes-Benz and DSC of BMW, but the principle of the name is the same anyway. 1987, Mercedes-Benz and Bosch started the cooperation project, which was completed in 1992. An active safety system named electronic stability program is developed. 1995 Mercedes-benz W 140? The S-class became the first production model equipped with this configuration. After airbags, this is another major upgrade of Mercedes-Benz's safety configuration.
Electronic Stability Program (ESP) has the same basic function, no matter which manufacturer or name it is, to prevent the vehicle from slipping, swinging its tail, understeering and oversteering, and to prevent the vehicle from losing control under the condition of slamming the direction at high speed. In addition, with the electronic stability program, those models with high horsepower, especially rear-wheel drive, are easier to control and reduce the difficulty of entry.
I have to say that Mercedes-Benz's performance in safety configuration is also the benchmark level among automobile manufacturers. Not only that, take Mercedes-Benz W 140? As far as the S-class model is concerned, many people still think that this is the real "Big Ben". The comprehensive comfort configuration such as double-deck sound insulation glass, front row 12-way electric adjustable seat, reversing radar, electric folding rearview mirror with heating function, electronic anti-glare rearview mirror, dual-zone constant temperature air conditioner (long-axis version has four-zone constant temperature air conditioner), electric rear sunshade and electric suction door also made the car an absolute flagship model at that time.
Safety configuration: tire pressure monitoring
Model: Porsche 959
Year: 1986
Although there is no mandatory requirement in the domestic automobile market that the cars sold must be equipped with tire pressure monitoring system as standard, more and more people are concerned about this safety configuration which can effectively avoid serious accidents caused by high-speed tire puncture, so even if the original factory does not have it, everyone will install it after buying a car.
The first model equipped with tire pressure monitoring in the world automobile history is Porsche 959 1986. It's not unexpected to put it on a sports car. Let's take a look at how Porsche 959 was advertised when it was released-"the fastest legal production car in the world".
The Porsche 959 released by 1986 is equipped with a 2.85L 6-cylinder horizontally opposed twin-turbo engine with a maximum power of 444 HP and a peak torque of 500 Nm. The transmission system is a 6-speed manual gearbox, and it is also equipped with a four-wheel drive system. Driven by this powertrain, the car's 0- 100Km/h acceleration time is only 3.7 seconds, and the top speed can reach 317 km/h/h.
Therefore, under such performance, safety protection measures are more important. The present tire pressure monitoring system is mainly divided into two types: digital display and alarm prompt. The digital tire pressure monitoring system can display the current air pressure of each tire in real time, and the alarm prompt tire pressure monitoring system will display warning signs or sound prompts on the dashboard or center console in case of tire leakage.
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Of course, the safety configuration on the car is not only the above, but our inventory above can be said to be the most basic and popular at present. Maybe when you buy a car, you pay more attention to the appearance, interior and dynamic performance of a car, but in fact, the safety configuration deserves your attention. In the next inventory of automobile historical safety configuration, we will continue to bring you the analysis of night vision system, lane keeping, ACC and other functions, so please pay attention.
This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.