Find the basic knowledge of grinder.

Grinder (grinder) is a machine tool that grinds the surface of workpiece with abrasive tools. Most grinders use high-speed rotating grinding wheels for grinding, and a few use other abrasives such as oilstone and abrasive belt and free abrasives for processing, such as honing machines, superfinishing machine tools, abrasive belt grinders, grinders and polishers. The processing range of grinder can process high hardness materials, such as hardened steel and cemented carbide. It can also process brittle materials, such as glass and granite. The grinder can have high grinding accuracy, small surface roughness and high grinding efficiency, such as strong grinding. [Edit this paragraph] The development of grinders1In the 1930s, in order to adapt to the hardening of watches, bicycles, sewing machines and firearms, British grinders, Germany and the United States developed grinders using natural grinding wheels respectively. These grinders were modified by adding grinding heads to existing machine tools such as lathes and planers at that time. They are simple in structure, low in rigidity, easy to generate vibration when grinding, and require operators to have high technology to grind precision workpieces. 1876 The universal cylindrical grinder manufactured by Brown-Sharp Company of the United States exhibited in Paris Expo is the first machine with the basic characteristics of modern grinder. The headstock and tailstock of the workpiece are installed on the reciprocating worktable, and the box-shaped lathe bed improves the rigidity of the machine tool and has internal grinding accessories. 1883 this company made a surface grinder, with the grinding head mounted on the column and the workbench moving back and forth. 1900 or so, the development of artificial abrasives and the application of hydraulic transmission have greatly promoted the development of grinding machines. With the development of modern industry, especially automobile industry, various types of grinding machines have come out one after another. For example, at the beginning of the 20th century, planetary internal grinder, crankshaft grinder, camshaft grinder and electromagnetic sucker piston ring grinder were developed successively. The automatic measuring device is applied to 1908 grinder. Around 1920, centerless grinders, double-head grinders, roller grinders, guideway grinders, honing machines and superfinishing machine tools were successively manufactured and used. In 1950s, a high-precision cylindrical grinder for mirror grinding appeared. At the end of 1960s, high-speed grinders and surface grinders with large cutting depth and slow feed grinding appeared. In 1970s, digital control and microprocessor adaptive control technology were widely used in grinding machines. [Edit this paragraph] The frequency converter is used in the energy-saving application of the grinder. The grinder and grinding wheel motor used in the standard machining are all operated according to the traditional starting circuit. After the motor is started, it runs at the rated speed. Due to the fluctuation of power grid voltage, the grinding load of grinding wheel workpiece grinder changes constantly, which will affect the speed error of motor grinder. The starting circuit of variable frequency grinding wheel motor of standard grinder generally has only one machining speed, which is difficult to adapt to the relative linear speed of different grinders with different workpiece sizes and ensure the machining accuracy of the grinders. Therefore, from the aspects of improving processing quality and efficiency and saving energy, etc. Satisfactory grinding results can be obtained by applying frequency conversion speed regulation technology to grinder. In the mechanical processing industry, there are many kinds of grinder products processed by grinder, and different workpiece sizes require different machining accuracy. Compared with the requirement that the grinding wheel speed is different from the linear speed of the spindle grinder, it is difficult to adjust the rotational speed of the spindle grinder to meet the ideal processing linear speed of the workpiece grinder. In addition, due to the stress bending of the grinding machine caused by the shaft machining process, the grinding process will produce different grinding wheel feed torques, resulting in different grinding wheel output speeds/torques, and the corresponding grinding machine will produce vibration knife marks/burn marks, etc. It is difficult to guarantee the grinding accuracy, resulting in low production efficiency and low quality product rate. With the development of power electronic grinder, variable frequency speed control grinder is becoming more and more popular, and the application of variable frequency grinder in machining industry has received good grinding effect. The stepless speed regulation, soft start and constant torque output of frequency conversion grinder meet the requirements of mechanical processing equipment for constant speed/constant torque grinder. [Edit this paragraph] Classification of grinding machines With the increase of the number of high-precision and high-hardness mechanical parts and the development of precision casting and precision forging technology, the performance, variety and output of grinding machines are constantly improving and increasing. (1) cylindrical grinder [1]: It is a common basic series, mainly used for grinding the outer surfaces of cylinders and cones. (2) Internal grinder: it is a common basic series, mainly used for grinding the internal surfaces of cylinders and cones. (3) Coordinate grinder: internal grinder with precise coordinate positioning device. (4) Centerless grinder: the workpiece is kept centerless and generally supported between the guide wheel and the bracket. The guide wheel drives the workpiece to rotate, which is mainly used for grinding cylindrical surfaces. (5) Surface grinder: a grinder mainly used for grinding the workpiece plane. (6) Abrasive belt grinder: a grinder that grinds with a rapidly moving abrasive belt. (7) Honing machine: a grinder used for honing various surfaces of workpieces. (8) Grinder: a grinder used to grind the planar or cylindrical inner and outer surfaces of workpieces. (9) Guide grinder: a grinder mainly used for grinding the guide surface of machine tools. (10) Tool grinder: a grinder for grinding tools. (1 1) Multi-purpose grinder: It is used to grind the inner and outer surfaces or planes of cylinders and cones, and can cooperate with servo devices and accessories to grind various workpieces. (12) special grinder: a special machine tool for grinding some parts. According to its processing objects, it can be divided into spline shaft grinder, crankshaft grinder, cam grinder, gear grinder, thread grinder, curve grinder and so on. [Edit this paragraph] The safety protection of grinder grinding is widely used and is one of the main methods of precision machining of mechanical parts. However, due to the high speed of the grinding wheel of the grinder, the grinding wheel is hard and brittle, which can not withstand the heavy impact. Improper accidental operation will cause very serious consequences. Therefore, the safety technical work of grinding is particularly important, and reliable safety protection devices must be adopted to concentrate on the operation to ensure foolproof. In addition, fine sand and metal chips splashed on the grinding wheel workpiece will hurt workers' eyes. If workers inhale a lot of this dust, it will be harmful to their health, and appropriate protective measures should be taken. Some safety technical problems that should be paid attention to in grinding. Before starting the car, the machine tool should be carefully and comprehensively inspected, including the inspection of the control mechanism, electrical equipment and magnetic chucks. After inspection, lubrication should be carried out. After lubrication, it should be tested and confirmed to be in good condition before use. Pay attention to the correct clamping when loading the workpiece, and the loosening of the workpiece during grinding will cause serious consequences such as flying off the workpiece and hurting people or crushing the grinding wheel. At the beginning of work, manual adjustment should be used to make the grinding wheel slowly approach the workpiece, and the initial feed should be small to avoid the grinding wheel colliding with it. When it is necessary to control the reciprocating motion of the workbench with a stop iron, it should be accurately adjusted according to the grinding length of the workpiece, and the stop iron should be tightened. When replacing the grinding wheel, you must first check the appearance. If there is any trauma, you should knock it with a wooden hammer or stick with a clear sound and no cracks. When installing grinding wheels, they must be assembled according to the specified methods and requirements. After static balance debugging, you can install the test. You can't use it until everything is normal. Workers should wear protective glasses at work, balance dressing grinding wheel to prevent collision. Measure the workpiece, adjust or wipe the machine tool after stopping. When using the magnetic sucker, clean the disk surface and the workpiece, tighten it and suck it firmly, and if necessary, add an iron stopper to prevent the workpiece from shifting or flying out. Pay attention to the installation of grinding wheel protective cover or machine tool baffle, and stand in front of high-speed rotating grinding wheel. [Edit this paragraph] Daily maintenance of grinder The grinder should be maintained and used by special personnel, and it should be overhauled regularly to ensure that the machine tool is in good condition. After 1. operation, all parts of machine parts, especially sliding parts, should be cleaned and oiled. 2. Remove the debris from all parts of Jiande grinder. 3, the necessary parts, rust. Maintenance precautions of the above grinder 1. Please correct the grinding wheel balance before grinding. 2. The grinding wheel must be carefully selected according to the material and hardness of the workpiece. 3. The spindle end and grinding wheel flange should be coated with thin oil film to prevent rust. 4. Please pay attention to the direction of spindle rotation. 5. It is forbidden to use air guns to clean crops and machines. 6, please pay attention to whether the cable is loose, really adjust. 7. Please pay attention to whether the oil channel of the oil window is clear. 8. Please use Mobil # 1405 to replace the fuel tank every 3-6 months. (It is advisable to change the oil once every 1-2 months at the beginning) 9. Adjust the oil adjusting screw to an appropriate level, whether it is reduced or increased. 10, dust box, filter steel, please clean it once a week. 1 1, when the suction is weak, please check whether the suction pipe is blocked. 12, the vacuum pipe must be kept clean, otherwise it will cause combustion. Maintenance of grinding machine suction cup The disk surface of permanent magnet casting suction cup or electromagnetic suction cup is the basis of obtaining grinding accuracy of workpiece, so it should be well maintained. If the accuracy of the workpiece is poor or the disk surface is damaged, the disk surface must be re-ground, and the disk surface accuracy meets the requirements, so as to ensure the accuracy of the workpiece. Maintenance lubricating oil of grinding machine lubrication system should be replaced for one month first, and then every 3-6 months. There is an oil drain plug under the oil tank for use. Please also note that when changing oil, the inside of the oil tank and the filter should be cleaned together.