The ammonia production method is as follows:
1. Ammonia synthesis method (Haber-Bosch method):
This is currently the most important ammonia production method. This method is based on the Haber-Bosch process, which generates ammonia by reacting nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) over a catalyst at high temperature (about 400-500 degrees Celsius) and high pressure (about 100-200 atmospheres). The catalyst is usually a mixture of iron (Fe) and molybdenum (Mo), but other suitable catalysts may also be used.
2. Coal gasification method:
This is an indirect method of producing ammonia, in which natural gas or coal is converted into carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2), which are then passed through The catalyst reacts to produce ammonia. This method generally uses coal gas to be converted into syngas, and then the syngas is subjected to a water transfer reaction to obtain ammonia. This method is commonly used in chemical plants that require large amounts of hydrogen and ammonia.
It should be noted that the production of ammonia involves high temperature and high pressure conditions, and the selection of catalysts and control of reaction conditions are very important. In addition, in order to ensure safety and environmental protection, issues such as exhaust gas treatment and catalyst regeneration need to be considered when industrially producing ammonia.
Applications of ammonia
1. Agriculture:
Ammonia is an important fertilizer raw material that can be absorbed and utilized by plants. It is widely used in agricultural fields, such as crop fertilization, soil improvement and pH adjustment, etc., helping to improve the yield and quality of crops.
2. Chemical industry:
Ammonia is one of the important raw materials for manufacturing chemicals, such as synthetic fibers, plastics, dyes, coatings and detergents. It can be used to synthesize chemicals such as urea, nitric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid, and is widely used in industries such as medicine, cosmetics and daily necessities.
3. Refrigeration and refrigeration:
Ammonia is widely used in industrial and commercial refrigeration systems as a refrigerant and refrigerant. Due to its good cooling properties and heat conduction properties, ammonia is widely used in refrigeration, refrigeration and freezing processes.
4. Environmental purification:
Ammonia can be used in wastewater treatment and air purification processes to remove pollutants and odor substances. In wastewater treatment, ammonia is used for ammonia nitrogen removal and sludge treatment; in air purification, ammonia can be used to remove harmful gases and reduce odors.
5. Fuel and energy:
Ammonia is considered a potential renewable energy source and can be used as a carrier of hydrogen energy. Ammonia fuel cell technology is being developed to generate electricity by decomposing ammonia into hydrogen to achieve clean energy utilization.