The first step-random review. Random review is to evoke memories in your mind, organize and form preliminary ideas.
step 2-search for literature and/or actual investigation. According to the needs of the subject, you can find the factual basis and theoretical basis in the existing literature. For those who collect materials for the first time, you can find the desired literature in the following order.
the third step-analysis and arrangement. Get rid of the rough and keep the essence, get rid of the false and keep the true.
step 4-review and summarize.
this paper mainly introduces the specific steps and methods of searching for documents in the second step.
first, select the retrieval tool.
after you have determined what you need to find, you should consider what retrieval means and what tools to choose. Search tools are classified according to their contents, including catalogues, indexes and abstracts. A catalogue takes the whole book, periodical, data, etc. as the reporting unit, revealing information such as its name, editor's work and collection place, and some of them also make a brief introduction to the content. Catalogue can be divided into national catalogue, collection catalogue and joint catalogue. Index refers to the index of articles, which mainly reveals the titles, authors and sources of various papers, articles and reports contained in various publications such as books and periodicals, and generally has no brief introduction or abstract. Abstract is to report the titles, editors' works, sources and abstracts of all kinds of documents, which has two functions: searching documents and storing information. The main purpose of abstracts and indexes is to provide literature clues, that is, what literature has been published by predecessors on a certain subject, and to find specific literature materials through the catalogue.
? Second, determine the retrieval approach.
The types of retrieval approaches are book title approaches, which are arranged by book title and paper title; Author channels, arranged by the name of the author; Serial number approach, according to the unique serial number of the document, such as patent number, contract number and report number; Classification approach, according to the content and characteristics of books, periodicals and articles, according to scientific theory; The key words (keywords) are arranged according to the subject content and some characteristics of the literature, such as the research object, the method of dealing with the research object, the research and experimental equipment, etc.
third, choose the retrieval method.
the first is the retrospective search method, which is based on the reference list attached at the end of an article you have read, and trace and find these documents one by one according to the sources indicated above. The second is the direct search method, that is, the direct use of retrieval tools, according to a certain time order to find the literature, according to the needs, you can search, reverse search, spot check, circular search.
? After finding the relevant literature, how to read and possess the literature information? There are five methods to read literature information: first read Chinese literature, then read foreign literature; Read the comprehensive literature first, and then read the special literature; Read the recent literature first, then read the old literature; Read the abstract first, then read the full text; Read rough before intensive reading.
you can use the card method to possess documents. Its advantages are small space, essence, convenience and flexibility, which can be arranged in any order and extracted at will, and can be made into paper cards and electronic document cards. The card contains three basic contents: title, author and source. Four types: index card, which only records the title, author and source of literature; Excerpt card, excerpting the wonderful original text of the document, and indicating the source; Card, a brief summary of the main contents of the literature in its own language, should also indicate the source; Special cards, make complete sets of cards as needed, and record the contents of different documents.