The four most important entrepreneurial models for college graduates
The difficulty in finding employment for college students has become one of the focuses of society. Statistics show that there were nearly 6.1 million college graduates across the country in 2009. Adding in college students who graduated in previous years but were unable to find a job, the number of employed people is as high as 10 million. Below I will introduce the four most important entrepreneurial models for college graduates.
Recommend the four most important models
1: Acquisition
Acquisition of existing enterprises is also a good way model. Acquisitions are similar to franchising, that is to say, the company itself is an already established enterprise and has a relatively mature project. As long as your operating capabilities are average and other resource conditions are met, you think it is suitable for you to operate this project, for example For catering, for example, if a certain store is transferred, we have also done some acquisitions of transferred stores for customers, including various stores. If you take it over, if it is a store with relatively good business, for example, if you open a small boutique in a large shopping mall, the flow of people in the shopping mall will be very large. In this way, basically as soon as you invest and take over the operation, ready-made cash flow will come in every day. This risk is relatively small. Of course, you must make a profit sharing with the business. You will invest 100,000 or 200,000 in the store at the beginning. Down, this may require an investment. But it will be more secure for you to realize cash flow as soon as possible and reduce this risk. It is just that it is not easy to find the ideal acquisition target
2: Franchise chain
A franchise headquarters , has done all the steps, and you only need to pay a franchise fee to take over the whole business. Using the brand he designed, you can just start business. This is also a model, but in a small book, if it is not a brand like McDonald's, KFC, or Starlight Inn, Zhang Yiyuan Tea House, etc., these are relatively mature brands, relatively speaking, what he operates If the model, advertising support, and brand protection are better, the risk may be smaller. For those relatively small businesses with a value of less than 100,000 yuan, it may be possible to do more detailed market research and inspections. This is also a way to join a chain.
Three: Contracting operation
In addition to partnership operation, there are other more ways. Contracting operation is also a better model, and then cooperate with others. The so-called cooperation with others Cooperation means that some people who have projects also want to find partners. If I don’t have a project, I just have money, so you can cooperate. Once the cooperation is completed, you can start.
Four: Self-creation
To take this path through channels and methods, you can first design a project yourself and create it yourself. For example, I have a product or service that I intend to do. , I feel that there is a market for our products and services, and I have the ability to do it well. In this way, I will prepare a business plan, make plans, and do market research. After figuring out all the relevant elements, I will then apply for licenses, select sites, and decorate. , recruit employees, start business.
Five: Product Agent
To directly use other people’s products as an agent, you can register a sole proprietorship and sell the things to make money for yourself. This is also a model. To start a business online, you just need to finish the things and put the pictures online. People will see your good things online, and when they place an order, they will be sent to them through logistics, and the cost of opening an online store will be relatively low. This is a good try for first-time entrepreneurs or small businesses.
Analysis and Exploration of College Student Entrepreneurship Model
1. Overview of Entrepreneurship Research
Research on entrepreneurial economics flourished in the 1970s, and economists have Entrepreneurship economics has been systematically and in-depth discussed from various perspectives. Taken together, there are mainly three perspectives: First, entrepreneurship achieves economic growth by creating knowledge spillovers. Economists such as Romer and Lucas conducted research from the perspective of new economic growth theory and concluded that entrepreneurial behavior can create knowledge spillovers, and knowledge spillovers generate economic externalities to promote productivity improvements, thereby further promoting economic growth.
Second, entrepreneurship achieves economic growth by changing the economic structure. Entrepreneurship is a dynamic process in which entrepreneurs continuously break the old market equilibrium, expand the production boundaries of enterprises, and establish new markets through innovation. The construction of new markets can change the allocation of production factors and achieve optimal integration of production factors. This is actually the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure. This upgrading and adjustment of the industrial structure promotes economic growth. Third, entrepreneurship achieves economic growth by strengthening competition. "National Competitive Advantage" clarifies that the more extensive and far-reaching a region's competition is, the faster it will accelerate the creation and dissemination of new ideas and new knowledge, thereby maintaining the competitive advantage of economic development. Under the conditions of market competition, the diversity of enterprises will inevitably expand the mutual complementation, exchange, and flow of knowledge between enterprises. In this state, it can stimulate knowledge spillover effects and effectively promote regional economic growth. To sum up, entrepreneurship is very critical to promoting economic development in the innovation-driven stage. It mainly promotes economic growth by eliminating knowledge barriers, promoting technological transformation, promoting regional competition, and increasing labor employment.
2. Entrepreneurship Policy Theory
Through a comprehensive investigation of entrepreneurship policies in 13 countries, two scholars, Lundstrom and Stevenson, proposed a complete entrepreneurship policy theoretical framework. They believe that the entrepreneurial policy system includes six aspects: entrepreneurial culture, entrepreneurial education, reducing entry barriers, entrepreneurial financing, entrepreneurial support and target group strategy. A good entrepreneurial cultural atmosphere that supports entrepreneurship is mainly created by carrying out entrepreneurship promotion activities; the improvement of entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial awareness and entrepreneurial skills is mainly achieved by carrying out entrepreneurship education; the increase of entrepreneurial opportunities is mainly achieved by eliminating administrative, legal and other aspects Regulation to reduce the cost of entrepreneurship; the financing problem of entrepreneurial enterprises is mainly solved by providing financing services to early-stage enterprises; convenient services for entrepreneurial enterprises are mainly supported by the establishment of special entrepreneurial enterprise service centers; entrepreneurial assistance for special groups Support mainly provides incentives through the formulation of preferential policies. The role of entrepreneurship on economic growth will vary depending on the development stage of a country. Therefore, different countries should adopt different entrepreneurship policies according to their own economic development conditions. In the innovation-driven stage, the state mainly provides more and better entrepreneurial policies to promote economic growth. When the country formulates entrepreneurship policies, it must take into account the domestic and foreign economic environment and conduct systematic and comprehensive inspections from the global economy, national economy, regional economy and entrepreneurs to ensure that the entrepreneurship policies are targeted, scientific and timely . From a global perspective, it mainly examines the impact of international trade policy, immigration policy, international technology transfer, and international capital flows on the development of entrepreneurial enterprises; from a national perspective, it mainly examines the impact of finance, taxation, education, science, technology, and law and other policies to promote entrepreneurship; from a regional perspective, it mainly considers the effects of policies such as venture capital markets, R&D support, and industrial clusters on promoting entrepreneurship; from the perspective of entrepreneurs themselves, it mainly considers entry barriers, financing, Intellectual property rights, taxation and other policies stimulate entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial motivations and provide support in the early stages of entrepreneurship.
3. Selection of Entrepreneurship Model
At present, the country has put forward the slogan of “Entrepreneurship for all and innovated by all”, and has also introduced a series of policies to encourage and support entrepreneurship. Under the influence of this atmosphere, young college students who are interested in starting a business have taken action and devoted themselves to entrepreneurial practice. However, a careful analysis of the current status of college students' entrepreneurship shows that from a field perspective, most of them are concentrated in traditional industries with low entry barriers such as catering, and there are basically no high-tech enterprises; from a resource perspective, most college students' entrepreneurship is based on school resources, and it is not yet You cannot fly alone; from the perspective of prospects, college students’ entrepreneurship is mostly concentrated in the bloody red ocean with mature conditions and rarely in the hopeful blue ocean full of opportunities; from the project perspective, college students’ entrepreneurship is mostly based on old products or old models, which is rare. Patented products with core intellectual property achievements. Obviously, this entrepreneurial model or the status quo cannot meet the country's need to achieve economic development goals through innovation drive under the background of the new normal.
How should college students start a business under the background of the new economic normal? College students are a knowledge group who have received higher education. The basis of college students' entrepreneurship should be highly concentrated intellectual products. In the stage of innovation-driven economic development, only by being innovation-oriented can college students' entrepreneurship truly promote industrial upgrading, truly optimize the economic structure, and truly create effective products that the market needs. Based on this, Hunan Huaihua University’s “Three Entrepreneurship College” focuses on providing students with “Three Entrepreneurship Education” that integrates “innovation, creation, and entrepreneurship”. "Innovation" is mainly a general education that focuses on cultivating college students' innovative consciousness and training innovative thinking; "creation" is based on innovative education, actively guiding and cultivating college students with solid professional foundation and strong innovative ability to form independent knowledge The achievements of property rights include copyrights, industrial property rights (including patents, trademarks and scientific and technological inventions and production); "entrepreneurship" refers to policy support for a number of achievements with independent intellectual property rights based on innovation and creation, and has Targeted entrepreneurial incubation is carried out to transform the results of independent intellectual property rights into products with exclusive production license rights and exclusive operating rights, so that successful entrepreneurship can be achieved naturally. ;