Britain: As early as the mid-1980s, Britain had its first biotechnology enterprise, which was the earliest among European countries. Today, it has 560 biotechnology companies, and Britain accounts for half of the 70 listed biotechnology companies in Europe.
Germany: Recognizing that biotechnology will be the key to maintain Germany's future economic competitiveness, the German government passed legislation in 1993 to simplify the examination and approval procedures for biotechnology enterprises, and allocated1500,000 Deutsche Mark to set up three biotechnology research centers. In addition, the government also plans to spend a huge sum of 654.38+0.2 billion marks on the research of the human genome project. 1999, German researchers applied for biotechnology patents, accounting for 14% in Europe.
France: The French government's funds for biotechnology have increased by more than ten times in the past ten years. The most typical project is the so-called "Gene Valley" science park established by 1998 near Paris, where the most potential emerging biotechnology companies in France gather. Another 20 French cities are also planning to set up their own biotechnology parks in imitation of the "Gene Valley".
Spain: Mar Pharmaceutical Company is the representative of this country's biotechnology enterprises, specializing in finding anticancer substances from marine life. Among them, ET-743 is the most valuable one, which is a red anticancer drug extracted from the seabed ejecta in the Caribbean and Mediterranean. ET-743 is planned to be registered and produced in Europe in 2002, and will be used to treat common cancers such as bone cancer, skin cancer, ovarian cancer and breast cancer.
India: The Indian government funds more than 50 research centers across the country to collect human genome data. Due to the unique "caste system" and the intermarriage customs of some remote tribes, the gene bank of Indian population is the most complete in the world, and it is a very valuable database for scientists to find the pathology and treatment of genetic diseases. However, private biotechnology enterprises in India are still in their infancy.
Singapore: Singapore announced a $60 million genetic technology research project to study how diseases have different effects on Asians and whites. The plan focuses on analyzing genetic differences and what treatment methods are effective for Asians, so as to finally gain new knowledge of identifying and treating diseases; And set up high-tech companies to manufacture drugs and medical products derived from this research.
China: The research result of "40 genome resequencing reveals silkworm domestication events and related genes" jointly conducted by shenzhen huada gene research institute and Southwest University was published in internationally renowned academic journals. This study * * * obtained the whole genome sequences of 40 mutant silkworm strains and China wild silkworm, which is the first report of large-scale resequencing research of multicellular eukaryotes, * * * obtained 63.25 billion base pairs, covering 99.8% of the genome region; The world's first single-base genetic variation map of silkworm genome level was drawn, which is the first reported insect genome variation map in the world. The origin and evolution of silkworm were revealed from the whole genome level. The genomic imprint of domestication on silkworm biology was discovered.