The project plan refers to the plan produced by the project party to achieve investment promotion and other development goals. Woolen cloth? Let’s take a look together.
How to write a project plan
The characteristics of a good project plan are: focusing on the product, daring to compete, sufficient market research, strong data description, indicating the direction of action, Demonstrate an excellent team, good financial projections, etc., so that partners can better understand the overall situation and business model of the project, and also allow investors to judge the profitability of the project.
Develop a project plan based on results
To judge whether a project plan is standardized, it mainly depends on whether it can clearly answer the following five questions:
First, what kind of social problem does the project want to solve, that is, why is this project being done?
Second, who is the service object of the project, that is, who is the project for?
Third, what kind of needs does the project need to meet for service objects?
Fourth, what is the goal of the project and how to measure it;
Fifth, How to implement the project, that is, how to do it and what to do.
These five questions and their responses form a very rigorous logical thinking framework. The order of the five questions cannot be reversed and the elements cannot be missing. If we can use this kind of thinking logic to formulate project plans, it will not only make the project more effective, but also help the project team develop a thinking habit that improves effectiveness.
Project plan template
1. Contents of business plan
1. Plan summary
The plan summary generally includes the following Content: Company introduction, main products and business scope, market overview, marketing strategy, sales plan, production management plan, managers and their organization, financial plan, capital demand status, etc.
When introducing a company, you must first explain the ideas for starting a new company, the formation process of new ideas, and the goals and development strategies of the company. Secondly, it is necessary to explain the current situation, past background and business scope of the enterprise
The quality of entrepreneurs often plays a key role in the performance of the enterprise. Here, entrepreneurs should try to highlight their strengths and express their strong enterprising spirit to leave a good impression on investors.
In the plan summary, the enterprise must also answer the following questions:
***1*** The industry in which the enterprise is located, the nature and scope of the enterprise's operations;
***2*** Contents of the company's main products;
***3*** Where is the company's market, who are the company's customers, and what are their needs;
***3*** Where is the company's market? p>
***4*** Who are the partners and investors of the company?
***5*** Who are the competitors of the company? What impact does the competitor have on the development of the company? What impact.
The abstract should be as concise and vivid as possible. In particular, explain in detail what makes your business different and the market factors that drive its success. If an entrepreneur understands what he is doing.
2. Introduction to products and services
When evaluating investment projects, one of the issues that investors are most concerned about is the products, technologies or services of venture companies. Whether and to what extent it can solve real-life problems, or whether the products and services of venture companies can help customers save money and increase income.
***1*** What problems do customers hope the company's products can solve, and what benefits can customers get from the company's products?
***2*** Companies What are the advantages and disadvantages of our products compared with those of our competitors? Why do customers choose our products?
***3*** What protection measures does the company take for its products? What patents, licenses do you have, or what agreements have you reached with manufacturers that have applied for patents?
***4*** Why can the company's product pricing enable the company to generate sufficient profits? Why do users Buy the company's products in large quantities?
***5*** What methods does the company use to improve the quality and efficiency of its products, what plans does the company have for developing new products, etc.
2. Personnel and organizational structure
After having a product, the second step for entrepreneurs is to form a combative management team.
The managers of an enterprise should be complementary and have team spirit.
3. Market forecast
When a company wants to develop a new product or expand its suite to a new market, it must first conduct market forecast.
Market forecasting must first predict demand: Is there a demand for this product in the market? Can the degree of demand bring the expected benefits to the company? How big is the new market size? What is the future of demand development? What is the trend and its status? What factors affect demand. Secondly, the market forecast also includes an analysis of the market competition situation and the competitive landscape faced by the company: who are the main competitors in the market? Are there market gaps that are beneficial to the company's products? What is the company's expected market share? What is the rate? What kind of reactions will competitors have when this company enters the market? What impact will these reactions have on the company? And so on.
In the business plan, the market forecast should include the following content: a summary of the current market situation; an overview of competitive manufacturers; target customers and target markets; the market position of the company's products; market areas and characteristics, etc.
4. Marketing Strategy
Marketing is the most challenging aspect of business operations. The main factors that affect marketing strategy are:
***1* **Consumer characteristics;
***2*** Product characteristics;
***3*** The company’s own situation;
***4*** Market environment factors. What ultimately affects marketing strategy are marketing cost and marketing efficiency factors.
In the business plan, the marketing strategy should include the following contents:
***1*** Selection of marketing agencies and marketing channels;
* **2*** Marketing team and management;
***3*** Promotion plan and advertising strategy;
***4*** Price decision-making.
5. Manufacturing Plan
The production and manufacturing plan in the business plan should include the following contents: the current status of product manufacturing and technical equipment; new product production plans; requirements for technology upgrades and equipment updates ;Quality control and quality improvement plans.
In the process of seeking funds, in order to increase the evaluation value of the enterprise before investment, venture entrepreneurs should try to make the production and manufacturing plan more detailed and reliable. Generally speaking, the production and manufacturing plan should answer the following questions: What is the status of the workshops and equipment required for the company's production and manufacturing; how to ensure the stability and reliability of new products when entering large-scale production; the introduction and installation of equipment, and who are the suppliers? ; What is the design of the production line and product assembly? What is the lead time of suppliers and the demand for resources? The formulation of production cycle standards and the preparation of production operation plans; Material requirements planning and its assurance measures; What are the methods of quality control? ; other related issues.
6. Financial planning
Financial planning requires more energy to do specific analysis, including the preparation of cash flow statements, balance sheets and profit and loss statements. Liquidity is the lifeline of an enterprise. Therefore, when an enterprise starts up or expands, it needs to have a detailed plan in advance and strict control over the liquidity during the process; the profit and loss statement reflects the profit status of the enterprise, which is the profit status of the enterprise after a period of operation. The operating results; the balance sheet reflects the company's status at a certain moment. Investors can use the ratio indicators obtained from the data in the balance sheet to measure the company's operating status and possible return on investment.
Financial planning generally includes the following contents:
***1*** Conditional assumptions of the business plan;
***2*** Projected balance sheet; projected profit and loss statement; analysis of cash receipts and payments; sources and uses of funds.
The company’s financial plan should be consistent with the assumptions in the business plan. In fact, financial planning is inseparable from an enterprise's production plan, human resources plan, marketing plan, etc. To complete financial planning, the following questions must be clarified:
***1*** How much is the product issued in each period?
***2*** When will product line expansion begin?
***3*** What is the production cost of each product?
***4*** The pricing of each product is How much?
***5*** What distribution channels should be used, and what are the expected costs and profits?
***6*** Which types of people need to be hired? people?
***7*** When will employment start, what is the salary budget? etc.
We can find that the first 4 questions in this question framework are Relevant to project results.
The famous management guru Peter Drucker proposed: "Organizations exist for results.
"Project Output Model" is a material provided by the United Way of the United States. , which has 4 very important concepts: input, activity, output, and result.
Inputs refer to the resources invested in or consumed by the project;
Activities refer to the use of inputs in order to fulfill the mission and achieve the project goals;
Output refers to the direct output of project activities;
Results refer to the changes and benefits obtained by service objects after participating in the project or receiving services.
One of the purposes of United Way of the United States in providing such information is to tell organizations applying for funds that they must achieve results in order to receive funding. If the project plan contains only activities and outputs but no results, it will not be funded.
At present, the project plans of many institutions in our country have the misunderstanding that activities are regarded as projects and outputs are regarded as results.
The result must be the benefit and change of the service object.
Therefore, activities are not results, the number of people is not results, and the satisfaction of service objects is not results.
Satisfaction is a subjective feeling and does not reflect the benefits and changes in service objects.
There are three special reminders about results:
First, project results are reflected through service objects;
Second, project results must use service objects. To reflect the changes and benefits;
Third, there must be a quantifiable evaluation indicator to measure the project results.
Nowadays, some institutions often regard their projects as winning awards or being reported by the media. It is also a misunderstanding to regard awards and media coverage as project achievements. Some of the award-winning projects were not actually projects, but activities, and they did not produce any results.
When working on projects, we must truly focus on results, on effectively solving social problems and benefiting service objects.
When working on a project, you must have a results-oriented mentality.
Before doing a project, don’t think about how to do it or what to do. Instead, you must first understand what the results of the project are. Only by knowing what the results of the project are can you do it. The project plan allows funders and purchasers to clearly see the project results, and the higher the likelihood of receiving funding. The Girl Scouts of the United States is the world's largest girls' organization. The organization emphasizes female leadership, cultivates girls' moral character, builds girls' confidence, and also provides other opportunities to learn life and work skills. Former CEO and founder of the Drucker Foundation Ms. Hesselbein proposed that only those organizations that can consistently achieve measurable results will be able to move into the future. Likewise, for a social institution to be sustainable, it must have measurable results and continue to achieve measurable results. This is why it is important to attach great importance to and reflect results when formulating project plans.
Correctly determine project goals and evaluation indicators
After clarifying what the results of the project are, next, you need to understand how to determine the project goals and evaluation indicators.
Project results actually refer to the goals of the project, that is, what results are to be achieved after the project is completed.
When writing a project plan, you must first determine a number of specific goals based on the service objects of the project. At the same time, evaluation indicators to measure whether these specific goals can be achieved must also be determined based on specific goals.
Drucker proposed: "The results of any organization can be measured by quantitative and qualitative standards. These two standards are intertwined and influence each other. If you want to understand whether an organization is How to change other people's lives and the extent to which you change other people's lives, then it is necessary to understand these two indicators."
It is worth reminding that when setting goals and determining evaluation indicators, social institutions must pay attention to that at least one of them must be quantitative. If there are only qualitative goals in the project plan but no quantitative goals, it means that this goal needs to be adjusted and optimized.
A good project goal has 5 characteristics, that is, it must comply with the SM A RT principle.
First, it is simple and easy to understand. The project goals must be simple and clear, and should not be written in an empty and abstract manner. People should be able to clearly understand what the desired results are at a glance.
Second, the results are measurable. Goals are measurable, and whether the goals are achieved can be measured through quantitative indicators.
Third, do what you can. This goal can be achieved through hard work.
Fourth, it is in line with interests. The goals set for the project must meet the expectations of all stakeholders.
Fifth, there is a time limit. Projects have a deadline, and project goals must be completed within the project cycle.
Evaluation indicators are important measures to ensure that the project goals are achieved.
There are three common methods for formulating project evaluation indicators:
Results identification method, focusing on the direct results after the project is implemented;
Awareness survey method, focusing on service objects What did you learn and know after participating in the project and receiving services?
The before-and-after comparison method measures the achievement of project goals through the changes in service objects before and after participating in the project and receiving services.
In practice, different evaluation indicators need to be selected according to different projects. Each project must have at least one evaluation indicator to measure whether the project objectives have been achieved.
It is very important to scientifically and reasonably determine project goals and evaluation indicators, which are related to the effectiveness of the project. After clarifying the purpose and evaluation indicators to be achieved by the project, when writing the last question in the project plan - how to do it and what to do, there will be a direction and pertinence.
Basic requirements for formulating a project implementation plan
The project plan generally contains a description of the implementation plan, "What is an implementation plan? It is to meet the needs and achieve the goals of the project. , planned activities and services”.
Various activities and services must be designed in the project plan. All activities and services must be formulated around the goals of the project. When formulating the plan, there are three points that need special emphasis:
First, all planned activities and services must be designed closely around the goals. In other words, if it helps achieve the project goal, put it in; if it has no relationship with the goal, don't put it.
Second, the plan must be clear, specific, and detailed. A common problem in current project plans for social service agencies is that they are written very crudely and generally. The project implementation plan must be clearly written, specific and detailed, so that funders and purchasers can clearly see whether these activities and services can ensure the achievement of goals after implementation.
Third, the plan must be operable. When making plans, you must consider implementation issues, which is also a very important point in development projects.
For example, when a project requires 3 people, when formulating the project plan, you need to think about where these 3 people are? Is it going to be solved internally or is it going to be recruited? Can they be recruited? Are there any people who have been recruited? Do you have the ability to do this project? Instead of waiting for the money to be considered before considering recruitment issues. If you do not consider implementation issues in advance, you may not be able to recruit people after receiving the money, or the people you recruit may not have the ability to work on the project, which will affect the smooth implementation of the project.
For another example, some projects need to be implemented together with other organizations. When formulating the project plan, you need to think clearly about which organization to cooperate with and how to cooperate. This requires communicating with the organization in advance so that They agree to cooperate with you, and they must be sure that they have the ability to achieve the project goals together, so that they can implement the project well after receiving the money. If there is no communication and implementation in advance, and you wait until you get the money to find a partner, if you cannot find one or the found partner is incompetent, the implementation of the project will be affected. In short, when formulating a project plan, we must consider the various conditions and resources required to implement the project to make the plan operable.
Fourth, the implementation person must participate in writing the project plan. Nowadays, the project plans of some social institutions are written by leaders or project leaders. After funds are applied for, they are handed over to employees for implementation. However, the person who wrote the project plan may not have fully considered the problems and difficulties that will be encountered during the implementation of the project, resulting in some problems and difficulties during implementation. In this case, the people who are actually implementing the project will complain and may even fail to do the project well. If the implementer participates in formulating the project plan, he can better consider the problems and difficulties that may be encountered during implementation, making the project plan more operable and feasible. Developing a project plan is decision-making, and an important principle of decision-making is that the implementer must participate. This pair of transfer items?a href='' target='_blank'gt; Cough was? Bath⒅鞫?Smashed Can Xie艽议议蚮Α?/pgt;