(1) The technology market is developing well.
China's technology market gives full play to the basic role of allocating scientific and technological resources. Focusing on the adjustment of industrial structure and the development of high-tech industries, China has vigorously promoted technology transfer and achievement transformation, and guided and supported innovative elements to gather in enterprises. A large number of scientific and technological achievements have achieved economic value through technology market transactions, and technology market contract transactions have maintained a steady and rapid development momentum. 20 1 1 year, China's technology market signed a total of 256,428 technical contracts, with a turnover of 476.3 billion yuan, up by 1 1.7% and 2 1.9% respectively. The contract value accounts for 1.0% of GDP and 54.8% of national R&D investment, which are 0.03 percentage points and 3.00 percentage points higher than 20 10 respectively. The quality of technology contracts continued to improve, and the average turnover of technology contracts was 6.5438+0.857 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.3%. China's technology market continues to maintain a good momentum of steady and rapid development. After years of development, China's technology property transactions have become increasingly active, becoming a "booster" for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real productive forces (Wan, 2006), which has played an important supporting role in boosting the steady and rapid growth of the national economy.
(2) High-tech industries and products have a good momentum of development.
High-tech industry is the strategic leading industry of the national economy, and the development of high-tech industry is of great significance for strengthening the supporting role of science and technology to the economy, promoting the adjustment of industrial structure and transforming the mode of economic development. 20 1 1 year, the scale of China's high-tech industry continued to expand, and the total output value reached a record high, exceeding 8 trillion yuan, reaching 8,843.39 billion yuan, an increase of 18.4% over the previous year, and the profit was 524.49 billion yuan, an increase of 7.5%. In 2008, affected by the financial crisis, the growth rate of the total output value of high-tech industries dropped to 5.0% (calculated at comparable prices). Since 2009, the growth rate of the total output value of high-tech industries has gradually picked up, reaching 1 18.4% in 2065438 (Table 4-4).
Table 4-4 Gross Output Value and Profit of High-tech Industry
Source: China Statistical Yearbook over the years.
High-tech products have the characteristics of high R&D investment and high added value. The emergence of high-tech products and their share in the international market represent a country's scientific and technological strength and high-tech industrialization ability to a certain extent. In 20 1 1 year, China's trade in high-tech products basically got rid of the impact of the financial crisis. The export value and import value of high-tech products reached US$ 548.8 billion and US$ 463.2 billion respectively, and the total import and export value reached US$101200 million. The trade surplus of products further expanded, reaching US$ 85.6 billion, all of which were the highest levels in history (Table 4-5 shows that the export volume, import volume and total import and export volume increased by 1 1.5%, 12.2% and1.8 respectively over the previous year. From the main ways of trade export, although processing trade (including raw material processing trade and raw material processing trade) still occupies the main position, its proportion has been declining, while the proportion of general trade has gradually increased. With the further deepening of China's industrial restructuring, there is still room for growth in the proportion of general trade.
Table 4-5 Import and Export of High-tech Products
Source: China Statistical Yearbook over the years.
(three) the implementation of policies and plans to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements
Relevant policies and regulations in China are playing an increasingly important role in creating a good external environment and internal mechanism for promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. In order to promote the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements, China has promulgated a series of laws and policies. In addition to the core People's Republic of China (PRC) Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements (1996), it also includes local laws and regulations on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, policies and regulations on promoting the development of high-tech development zones, science parks, science and technology intermediaries, small and medium-sized enterprises and private scientific and technological enterprises, policies and regulations on the protection of intellectual property rights related to science and technology and scientific and technological awards, Spark Plan, Torch Plan and "863" Plan.
With the development of social economy and the deepening of scientific and technological system reform, the Chinese government is not limited to the existing policies and regulations, but also constantly adjusts and revises relevant policies, and formulates scientific and technological development plans to meet the needs of economic development in different historical periods, and has achieved remarkable results. For example, 20 1 1 implements major projects such as broadband mobile communication and CNC machine tools to promote the application and industrialization of achievements, accelerate the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements of people's livelihood according to the Opinions on Accelerating the Development of People's Livelihood Science and Technology, and strengthen financial support for scientific and technological enterprises through the Pilot Implementation Plan for Promoting the Combination of Science and Technology with Finance. In addition, the SME Innovation Fund has increased its support for technological innovation of high-tech SMEs. The new industry venture capital plan has supported the establishment of 665,438+0 venture capital enterprises and invested 65,438+008 venture capital enterprises. These plans have played an important role in promoting the combination of science and technology and economy and promoting the transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.
(4) The science and technology service system is improving day by day.
Science and technology service institutions are an indispensable and important force in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and an important channel for the transformation and diffusion of scientific and technological achievements and the effective allocation of scientific and technological resources. In recent years, China's scientific and technological service institutions have developed rapidly, making important contributions to scientific and technological innovation and industrialization. By the end of 20 1 1, there were more than 900 incubators and 36,000 incubators in China. There are more than 20,000 technology trading service institutions, nearly 200 permanent technology trading centers and 202 national technology transfer demonstration institutions (20 1 1 68 newly recognized). There are more than 2,000 national productivity promotion centers, including 24 national demonstration productivity promotion centers1center; There are 284 characteristic industrial bases (20 1 1 36), 38 software industrial bases (20 1 1 3), 58 innovation bases for promoting trade through science and technology and 86 international university science parks. At present, there are more than 700 venture capital institutions, as well as a considerable number of science and technology venture capital centers, science and technology evaluation institutions, patent agencies, science and technology bidding institutions, various trade associations and professional technology associations, which have developed rapidly and initially formed a fully functional science and technology service system in line with China's national conditions, which has played an important role in promoting the close integration of science and technology and economy in China.
(5) Increase investment in the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
In order to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, governments at all levels have accelerated the pace of environmental construction of scientific and technological industrialization and increased capital investment in scientific and technological industrialization. In 20 10, 5428 national torch projects * * * realized 73.08662 billion yuan, including 2.26685 billion yuan from the government, 470.8 162 billion yuan from enterprises and 624995 million yuan from financial institutions, accounting for 365438 respectively. The National Spark Plan * * * implemented 28 projects10,1341770 million yuan, of which the government allocated 772.73 million yuan, accounting for 5.8%. The self-raised funds of the enterprise are 8,022.89 million yuan, accounting for 59.8%; Bank loans were 2,793.55 million yuan, accounting for 20.8%. The expenditure on technology research and development (including high-tech industrialization, transformation and diffusion of scientific and technological achievements) in the local government's fiscal expenditure on science and technology functions is 63.97 billion yuan, accounting for 40.3% of the total expenditure; Expenditures on special scientific and technological conditions (including the establishment of technical innovation service system and special scientific and technological conditions) and popularization of science and technology were 654.38+03.62 billion yuan, accounting for 8.6%. In addition, the state has increased its support for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements through agricultural scientific and technological achievements transformation fund, national key new product plan and scientific and technological support plan (Table 4-6). 20 1 1 Further increase capital investment, and the SME Innovation Fund approved 6,545 projects with a financial allocation of 3.77 billion yuan; Approved 2 torch projects108, with a financial expenditure of 320 million yuan; New Product Planning Project 1384, with 300 million yuan allocated by the central government (Chen Lei, Jesuli Chen, 20 12).
Table 4-6 Central Financial Allocation for Projects Related to Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements 4-6 20 10/0 Unit: 10,000 yuan.
Source: China Statistical Yearbook over the years.
(6) Strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights of scientific and technological achievements.
Protecting intellectual property rights is an urgent need to build an innovative country and enhance national competitiveness. Since joining the WTO, China government has accelerated the construction of intellectual property system, revised the patent law, trademark law, copyright law and other intellectual property laws, and formulated other laws and regulations related to intellectual property rights, making unremitting efforts to protect intellectual property rights. In the new era, China pays more attention to intellectual property work. The China Action Plan for Intellectual Property Protection is issued every year. In 20 12, the Plan for Promoting the Implementation of National Intellectual Property Strategy in 20 12 was reviewed and adopted, which raised intellectual property to the height of national strategy. At present, the legal system of intellectual property rights in China is basically complete and in line with international standards. The achievements of intellectual property protection of scientific and technological achievements are mainly manifested in strengthening and perfecting the legislation and law enforcement of intellectual property protection of scientific and technological achievements; In addition, universities, research institutes, enterprises and other subjects have increased their awareness of intellectual property protection of scientific and technological achievements, the application and acceptance rate of intellectual property rights has been continuously improved, and the proportion of invention patents with high technology content has been increasing.