tree trunk
It is a public communication trunk line that transmits information between various functional components of a computer. Bus is an internal structure and a common channel for CPU, memory and input/output devices to transmit information. The components of the host computer are connected together through the bus, just like the human spinal cord nerve, which transmits the instructions of the brain to all parts of the body and then feeds back the information to the brain for processing.
The CPU is connected with all parts of the computer through the bus.
The development of computer bus has gone through several processes:
Front end bus
Early FSB bus
The early FSB bus was usually divided into North-South Bridge chips. Later, with the development of technology, FSB bus can't keep up with CPU because of data transmission efficiency. FSB is a technology adopted by Intel, and early AMD also adopted FSB bus.
AMD HT link
This is the first bus structure proposed by AMD on K8 processor in 1999, also known as HyperTransport. HT bus has super high transmission rate. The earliest version, 1.0, was launched at 200 1, and its bidirectional transmission rate reached 12.8GB/s at the highest. At the same time, Intel is still using FSB bus, and the transmission bandwidth of 533MHz is only 4.3 GB/s.
There are many versions of Hyper-Threading Bus. The last HT3. 1 bus was released in 2008, with a maximum bandwidth of 5 1.2 GB/s, which is terrible even today. HT bus is not only used for communication with memory, but also used for multi-channel CPU of AMD # 039. Cisco even threw HT bus into routers and switches, which greatly improved the reuse performance of switches. AMD is also the first manufacturer to integrate the memory controller into the CPU.
Intel's QPI grid
Seeing the high data transmission efficiency after AMD HT link, Intel took out QPI bus, which is characterized by moving the North Bridge to the CPU and starting the point-to-point communication between multi-core and memory. DMI bus is changed to control low-speed equipment outside the south bridge. QPI bus has been used in the continuous improvement of toothpaste factory, and the design idea of UPI-Mesh bus has been wandering on the road of polishing 14nm.
AMD never waits for the IF bus.
AMD uses Infinity Fabric bus on Zen, which is not open to the public, is not compatible with HT LINK, and charges patent fees. Zen3 has improved the CXX kernel, and perhaps the IF bus is on the edge of evolution.
In short, to be fast, the spinal nerves of the computer bus should be strong and fast.
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