Qianxinan Vocational and Technical College for Nationalities
Graduation thesis title: Tiger Milk Mushroom Cultivation and Management Technology and Formula Screening
Major: Edible Fungi Production and Processing
Name: Yuan Longbing
Student ID: 211701040005
Instructor: Zhu Yu
Time: April 20, 2020
Tiger milk mushroom cultivation and management technology and formula screening.
Abstract: Tiger milk mushroom is a rare edible and medicinal fungus that can treat various diseases such as stomach problems, colds, asthma, and high blood pressure. The taste is crisp, the caps are tender and smooth, and the handles are chewy. The dried mushrooms are used to make soup with a special smell and a very delicious taste. With the development of the economy and society, people are paying more and more attention to dietary health. The dietary structure of "one meat, one vegetable and one mushroom" has been widely promoted. Tiger milk mushrooms are very popular among consumers as high-quality mushrooms. However, due to the current wild situation, The number of tiger milk mushrooms is scarce and artificial cultivation technology is imperfect. The market for tiger milk mushrooms is now in short supply. In order to increase the yield of tiger milk mushroom, this article discusses the cultivation technology and formula screening of tiger milk mushroom, which has certain significance for the vacancies in the tiger milk mushroom market.
Keywords: Tiger milk mushroom; artificial cultivation; strain production; formula screening, etc.
Contents
1 Preface and Overview........................ ................................................................. ........................................2
2 tiger Growth conditions and cultivation environment of milk mushroom...................................... .................................................2< /p>
3 Screening of Tiger Milk Mushroom Seed Formula and Production of Mushroom Sticks............................. ................................................................. ....2
3.1 Original seed production............................. ................................................................. .............................2
3.2 Cultivars Production........................................ ................................................................. ..................3
3.3 Preparation of liquid strains............. ................................................................. .................................................3< /p>
4 Cultivation and management...................................... ................................................................. .............................3
4.1 Venue Selection.... ................................................................. ................................................................. .............3
4.2 Building a shed........................ ................................................................. ................................................................. .......4
4.3 Site Management........................ ................................................................. ........................................4
4.4 Digging pits and making borders........................................ ................................................................. ..................4
4.5 Bag-out cultivation........
................................................................. ................................................................. .............4
4.6 Management of mushrooms during the adult stage............. ................................................................. .................................................5
4.7 Harvesting................................................ ................................................................. ..................5
4.8 Preservation and drying.... ................................................................. ................................................................. ............5
5Conclusion and discussion........................ ................................................................. ................................................................. .6
6 References........................................ ................................................................. ........................................7
7Acknowledgments ................................................................. ................................................................. ................................8
1Foreword
Tiger milk mushroom It belongs to wood saprophytic fungi and also belongs to saprophytic fungi. It can be cultivated on rotten wood or covered with soil. A long time ago, it was recorded in relevant classics such as "Compendium of Materia Medica" and "Qianjin Yaofang" in my country that it can treat various diseases such as stomach problems, colds, asthma, and high blood pressure. In addition, tiger milk mushroom is rich in protein, carbohydrates, mineral elements and other nutrients, with very high nutritional value. It is a rare "medicine and food homologous" fungus, and it is also a rare health care, beauty, and longevity health care food. Overview: Tiger milk mushroom has high nutritional value. In addition to the above description, it also has the functions of nourishing and strengthening, detoxifying and astringent, reducing accumulation, and lowering blood lipids. Its medicinal value is as follows: (1) It can be tried on arteriosclerosis, hypertension, and cerebrovascular accidents, and it has certain effects and help in the treatment of coronary heart disease and angina (2) It can be tried on various cancers such as lung cancer. Used gently. (3) It can treat neurasthenia, and long-term consumption can help improve dizziness and insomnia. (4) It can be tried to treat chronic diseases such as gastric ulcer and indigestion. However, due to the good market conditions and scarcity, the current supply of tiger milk mushrooms exceeds demand.
2 Tiger milk mushroom growth conditions and cultivation environment Tiger milk mushroom likes hot and humid seasons (weather),
① The cultivation temperature is between 25℃~40℃,
②Tiger milk mushroom is an extremely aerobic bacteria. The growth of mycelium, the formation of sclerotia and the formation of fruiting bodies are all inseparable from sufficient oxygen.
③Tiger milk mushroom growth period It needs bright light,
④ The relative humidity of the air is very high, requiring between 75% and 90%, ⑤ Its cultivation time is long, and it can be cultivated for two seasons a year,
⑥The cultivation cycle is about 10 months. (Some high-altitude areas can only be cultivated for one season, and they must be cultivated in June, July and August every year, and harvested in October)
3. Screening of tiger milk mushroom seed formula and production of mushroom sticks
3.1 Preparation of original seeds The suitable medium formula for production of original seeds is: ① 68% cottonseed husks, 8.5% sawdust, 20% bran, 1% soybean flour ② 75% cottonseed husks, 22.5% bran, 1% lime, Gypsum 1%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.5%, water content 60%. ③70% sawdust, 20% bran, 7.5% soybean flour, 2% sugar, 0.5% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, water content 65%. ④Wheat 75%, bean cake 3%, sawdust 20%, gypsum 1%, lime 1%, appropriate amount of water. My own test results have proven that formula ③ is the best, and the hyphae are thick and vigorous. Formula ② grows quickly, but the hyphae are scattered. Formula ① has the whitest and strongest mycelium, but the growth is average, ④ is moderate. In addition, the method of making wheat seeds is: soak the wheat grains for 8-12 hours, boil them in boiling water until there is no white core, cool the water to about 5%-10%, and it is not sticky to your hands, then mix in an acid-base balance agent, bottle it and then kill it. Bacteria, after cooling, insert the mother seed and culture it at 22°C to 25°C for 25 to 30 days.
3.2 The suitable medium formula for producing cultivated seeds is: ① 70% cotton seed hulls, 15% bran, 10% sawdust, 2.5% soybean meal, 1% lime, 1% gypsum, sulfuric acid Potassium dihydrogen 0.5%. ② 55% sawdust, 25% bran, 18% sugar, 1% lime, and 1% gypsum. ③75% cottonseed hulls, 7.5% bran, 15% bean cake, 1% lime, 1% gypsum, 0.5% dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and a moisture content of about 65%. The above-mentioned culture medium is made into a bacterial stick and then bagged and sterilized. After cooling, the bacteria are added and cultured at a constant temperature for 20-35 days. My own test results have proven that the formula ① mycelial growth is strong and dense, but the growth rate is moderate, the mushrooms are large, and the stalks are long and thick. Formula ②The growth cycle is long, but the mushrooms are neatly produced. Mushroom legs are short. Formula ③Grows slowly, with small, dense mushrooms and long stalks.
3.3 Liquid strain production The liquid strain medium formula is: ① 200g potato, 20g glucose, 5g/L yeast extract, 1g/L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, moderate pH. ②Potato flour 25g, vitamin B10.01g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.5g/L, natural pH. ③ 12g soybeans (homogenized and filtered by soymilk machine), 20g glucose, 1H water, natural pH. ④ 20g corn flour, 5g glucose, 25g fructose, 5g peptone, 2.5g ammonium sulfate. Make the above formula into liquid, filter it and put it into Erlenmeyer flasks. Sterilize after cooling. After inoculation, place the shake flask on a constant temperature shaker with a rotation speed of 150 rpm. Control the temperature at about 22°C and incubate for 72-96 hours. Can. The test results of Bao Shuiming, Li Rongtong, Yu Zhijian, Chen Chuanhong and others and their own experiments have proved that the formula ③ mycelium grows well and the mushrooms are neat and even (all things considered, soybean culture medium is the best.). Formula ②The growth is moderate, the mushroom legs are short and the flesh is thin. The culture medium produced by formula ④ has uniform bacterial particles, long mushroom stalks and thick flesh.
4 Cultivation Management
4.1 Site Selection
Edible fungus cultivation sites should be selected in sunny places close to water sources. Tiger milk mushrooms have high soil quality requirements. Generally choose open land with loose and fertile soil and good drainage and irrigation. If it is an orchard, sandy soil is preferred. In high-temperature areas, fungus-rice rotation can be used, and preparations for the cultivation of tiger milk mushrooms can be started after the rice is harvested. This can increase income while also increasing the utilization of land resources.
4.2 Building a shed
The mushroom shed should be built in a place with good drainage and irrigation, convenient transportation, excellent ventilation and no garbage dumps or breeding farms around it. According to the topography of the shed, you should choose a place with north wind and sunny direction, slightly higher terrain and sufficient water source.
(To build a shed, you can refer to the shiitake mushroom greenhouse and the bamboo fungus greenhouse and Agaricus blazei mushroom planting greenhouse.) The choice of a simple shed is similar to that of a mushroom shed, except that the length and span are different. If it is an orchard or forest, there is no need for a shading net, which can fully Use wood leaves for shade. When building a shed, in order to save costs, you can use local materials, such as wooden piles or bamboo. The disadvantages of using wooden piles are large spans and weak wind protection capabilities. Bamboo is the best to build a simple shed, which is strong and has good wind protection capabilities, but in There is still room for improvement in terms of service life.
4.3 Site Management
If conditions permit, first use a weeder to weed or break up the weeds, then use a grounder to loosen the soil and sprinkle a thin layer of Thin quicklime, turn the soil again, keep the soil loose and mix well with the lime.
4.4 Digging pits to make borders
Keep the cultivation site clean and free of weeds. Before planting, you need to dig holes to make borders. When building a shed, the borders are generally made into box surfaces, and one shed can be used. 4-6 box surfaces, about 15-20 cm deep, moderate length, just leave 30 cm of aisle between the rows. If it is a simple shed, simply set it up with a shade net. Under the premise of ensuring good ventilation and heat dissipation, make 6-9 boxes with a depth of about 15-25 cm. You can leave about 10-15 cm in the middle aisle. The length of the boxes depends on the terrain. Depends. This will facilitate future mushroom management, picking and watering.
4.5 Bag-out cultivation
If it is found that the hyphae of the tiger milk mushroom rods are overgrown, arrange for bag-out cultivation immediately. When taking off the bags and inserting them into the soil, place them neatly at a certain distance. Generally, the distance between cultivated strains and bacteria is two finger widths, which facilitates heat dissipation, ventilation and absorption of nutrients between the cultivated strains. After taking off the bags and placing them, it is time to cover them with soil. When covering, it is best to choose moist soil (return soil) on the edge of the border. The soil just dug out of the box has a certain humidity and a stable moisture content. It can be kept for a period of time after covering with soil. However, when covering the soil, special attention should be paid to the thickness and hardness of the covering soil. Too thick soil affects the fruiting time; too thin soil causes the mycelium to be exposed; the soil is too hard, and the mycelium cannot penetrate and absorb nutrients, ultimately resulting in yield (three are the same), so the general soil covering thickness is 1.5-3cm.
4.6 Management of the mushroom stage
After the tiger milk mushroom sticks are planted in the pit, they enter the management period. Water to keep the soil moist and weed regularly. When the temperature and humidity are suitable, tiger milk mushrooms can be harvested in seven to ten days. At this time, special attention should be paid to the temperature, humidity and ventilation during the fruiting period. At this time, the relative humidity of the air in the shed should be between 75-90% (depending on local weather conditions). Pay special attention to avoid drying and cracking due to lack of water on the surface of the cap in hot weather. At this time, the color of the cap changes to light gray or brown, the flesh is thick and the edges are regular and flat. At this time, the soil moisture should not be too high, and the water should be stopped for ventilation. If the soil moisture is too high, it will easily cause mushroom death.
4.7 Harvesting
Good management methods are the key to the rapid growth of tiger milk mushroom. If managed well, you can harvest 2-3 times a day when the harvest period comes, and you must follow the principle of "pick the big ones and leave the small ones" when picking. If the small ones cannot meet the picking conditions, they can continue to grow if you keep them. Under normal circumstances, the tiger milk mushroom will enter the resting period after the first flush of mushrooms is harvested. The resting period of the mushroom sticks depends on the local climate. If the climate is suitable, the second crop of mushrooms will appear in about eight to ten days. Before the second tide of mushrooms is unearthed, old mushrooms, rotten mushrooms, weeds, and miscellaneous bacteria on the border surface should be removed and the border surface should be leveled. In addition, the humidity and climate of the soil should be monitored every day, and ventilation should be done well. If there is extreme weather, measures should be taken to protect the shed and rods (note that if the mushroom rods encounter extreme weather such as low temperature, high temperature, high humidity, freezing, etc. during the rest period Weather will affect the fruiting time and yield of the second tide of mushrooms and beyond).
4.8 Preservation and drying
A remarkable feature of tiger milk mushroom is that it is not perishable, has a long shelf life and is durable in storage. Tiger milk mushrooms picked during high-temperature seasons can be placed in a cold storage or freezer to ensure that they will not deteriorate or rot for about half a month and will not affect the taste. In addition, tiger milk mushrooms can be sun-dried, air-dried and oven-dried, but the first two methods take too long, are easily affected by weather, and the quality of the mushrooms is poor. Therefore, taking all factors into consideration, the better drying method is drying. The specific method is: after picking the tiger milk mushroom, remove the mushroom legs and soil, place it on a prepared drying rack, push it into the oven to lose a certain amount of moisture, and bake it immediately. The baking temperature is first maintained at 30°C for 2 hours, and then adjusted to 40°C for two hours; you can also adjust the temperature to 60°C for dehydration first, and then adjust the drying temperature to 50°C for constant weight.
The tiger milk mushroom is processed by drying. The dried product is golden yellow, has a positive shape, has a special luster and exudes a rich and attractive mushroom aroma.
5 Conclusion and Discussion
In summary, scientific management and storage of tiger milk mushroom can meet the needs of off-site sales. Tiger milk mushroom is rich in nutrients and is a rare and rare edible medicinal mushroom. It is also a health food with great development prospects. However, the number of wild tiger milk mushrooms on the market is currently very small, which is far from meeting people's needs. Although after According to research by various scientific and technical personnel, tiger milk mushrooms can now be cultivated artificially, but the market demand is now large. The supply of wild tiger milk mushrooms on the market currently exceeds demand. In addition, the technology of rare and rare sclerotia is not perfect, and the artificial cultivation technology is not perfect. At present, How to increase production and overcome sclerotia technology is the current top priority.
6 References
Gong Jianguo "Edible Fungus Cultivation Technology"
"China Edible Fungus Business Network"
Bao Shuiming, Li Rongtong, Yu Zhijian, Chen Chuanhong "Large Rare Fungi - Pleurotus sclerotiorum"
Weng Boqi, Jiang Zhihe, Wang Yixiang, etc. on the sclerotia of tiger milk mushroom cultivated with different culture materials
In the past few years, Guo Meiying, Huang Lihong 1 Tiger Milk Mushroom and its Cultivation. Chinese Edible Fungi [J].1997,16(1):13-151
Qin Hongmin, Zhang Changkai 1 Mycelial Culture of Dictyophora and Its Antibacterial Activity Preliminary research. Bulletin of Microbiology [J]. 1999, 26(6): 393-3961
Development of Huang Niannian (a rare edible fungus) tiger milk mushroom. Jiangsu Edible Fungi[J], 1995 ,16(4):2-31
7 Acknowledgments
First of all, I would like to thank Teacher Zhu Yu for his dedicated guidance, especially for reviewing and reviewing my papers over and over again. When I put forward revision suggestions, Teacher Zhu’s meticulous and rigorous style of study and diligent attitude deeply influenced me. Under her guidance, I was confused and had nowhere to start when I first started writing a thesis. Later, I gradually learned how to conduct investigations and research, how to present my conclusions in a more standardized and organized paper, and finally completed the thesis. . Thanks again to Teacher Zhu Yu for giving me the last profound lesson in college. In addition, I would like to thank my classmates and roommates who accompanied me in the university. During these three years of getting along, your meticulous care made me feel a lot of care when I was away from home. I hope that after this separation, everyone will be young when I return, and I wish you all the best in the future. Like brocade. Finally, I would like to thank my parents for their hard work and education over the past twenty years. In the future, I will work hard and work actively to reassure you. I hope you will be healthy and happy forever.