1, sowing date, watermelons planted in early spring can only be planted or spread indoors after the soil temperature is stabilized at 15 degrees within 10 cm. Watermelon cultivated in the open field can be pre-planted in mid-March, it will take about 30 days to plant in mid-April, and it can be sold according to specifications after 60 days. Late-maturing watermelons, also known as autumn watermelons, are mostly planted before seedlings in the middle of the summer solstice solar terms, and are sold around the Mid-Autumn Festival. Therefore, when planting watermelons, we should choose them according to the time period and planting time of preparing for sale in advance.
2. Choose the corresponding watermelon varieties, which are divided into early maturity, middle maturity and late maturity. According to the sowing time, we should calculate the sales time. The early maturity of watermelon varieties should be considered when planting in early spring, so as to make watermelon perfect and sell it earlier. It is necessary to choose watermelon varieties with good early maturity, high quality and increased production, which is in line with local consumption habits. In spring, small plastic greenhouses should be planted with varieties with good early maturity, generally in the open field, with good quality, high yield, high sugar content and relatively large size, such as the commonly used new ruby, Tianxing Guanlong and so on. When choosing watermelon varieties, we should know more about the characteristics of watermelon, such as early maturity or late maturity, whether it has good stress resistance, insect resistance, sugar content, transportation resistance and so on.
3. Before sowing, watermelons can be pre-sown in cups, cartons and trays. Before inoculation, spread watermelon seeds evenly on sacks, expose them to the sun for a day to wake up the dormant watermelon seeds, then soak them in warm water for about an hour, wash the mucus on the surface by hand, and put them in immediately after taking them out. Soak in 0. 1% potassium permanganate solution for about 10 hour, so that watermelon seeds can absorb enough water, take them out, rinse them with cold water, and then put them in a dark, humid, cold and warm natural environment to promote tooth growth. When the temperature is controlled at 30~35 degrees, most watermelon seeds will germinate together in about three days. Now it is generally constant temperature. If the watermelon seeds fail to pass the tooth-urging, they can also be coated with a coating agent and then sown, so that the sown watermelon seeds cannot be as good as the tooth-urging germination.
4, sowing, watermelon seedbed should be selected in the field with downwind sunrise, high and dry terrain and loose and fertile soil layer. Prepare the land resources for planting watermelon in advance, apply fertilizer 10~ 15 days in advance, level the land, and do a good job in planting watermelon seedlings on the ridge. Watermelons planted in spring should also be covered with a layer of agricultural plastic film, which is conducive to raising soil temperature and consolidating soil. According to the characteristics of early maturity and late maturity of watermelon, the relative density of watermelon planting is moderately sparse for early maturity watermelon and moderately sparse for middle and late maturity watermelon. Generally, it is found that the row spacing of watermelons is 2.2~2.5 meters, the plant spacing is 50~60 cm, and the row spacing of middle and late maturity watermelons is 2.5~2.8 meters, and the plant spacing is 70~80 cm. When watermelon is cultivated in the open field, it should be covered with agricultural plastic film one week in advance to raise the soil temperature. When the soil temperature is 65438±00cm, sowing should be carried out. The agricultural plastic film should be dark gray for weeding, and the agricultural plastic film for preventing budding insects is the best. Watermelon had better not be continuous cropping.
5, planting watermelon seedlings, generally 30 days old watermelon garden, three leaves and one heart, can be planted. Before planting, the leaves can be sprayed with 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+2116+2,000 times of thiamethoxam +0.2% urea solution as "settling fertilizer", which is easy to throw back after planting.
6. Fertilize the watermelon field. In order to better improve the high-quality yield of watermelon, 1 mu can use a ton of high-quality organic fertilizer, 100KG of bean cake, 50k g of 45% ammonium sulfate light fertilizer controlled release fertilizer, and 50 kg of organic fertilizer for beneficial microbial strains.
6, water management methods, watermelon drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance. It is beneficial to squat down the seedlings properly after the watermelon is planted and returned to seedlings. Xiaoshui can be watered once in the vine extension period of Xituan tree, and the temperature is low in early spring. Watermelon should be watered in sunny morning, and the temperature is high in autumn and winter. Watermelon should be watered at dusk or in the morning. After watermelons settle down in watermelon, watermelons entering the Peng Da stage should be watered frequently, and farmyard manure that has been fully cooked can be properly applied downstream, or water-soluble fertilizers containing various elements and carbohydrates can be applied downstream. Water injection should be suspended one week before watermelon harvest to avoid reducing the taste due to too much water.