Scale of scientific research market
In 20 17 years, the number of invention patent applications reached1382,000, with a year-on-year increase of 14.2%, ranking first in the world for seven consecutive years; The number of PCT international patent applications accepted was 5 1 1,000, up by 12.5% year-on-year, ranking second in the world. The number of invention patents per 10,000 population reached 9.8. 5.748 million trademark registration applications were accepted, with a year-on-year increase of 55.72%, ranking first in the world in 16. A total of14.92 million valid trademarks were registered.
Chart: 20 15-20 17 China's investment in science and technology
Source: National Bureau of Statistics.
According to "Analysis Report on Market Prospect and Future Investment Strategy of China Scientific Research Industry in 2020-2025" by Academia Sinica.
Analysis on the present situation and prospect of scientific research industry in 2020
20 17 annual research and experimental development (r&; D) Expenditure175 billion yuan, an increase of1.6% over the previous year, accounting for 2. 12% of GDP, of which basic research expenditure was 92 billion yuan. In 20 17, the state key R&D plan * * arranged 42 key special projects, scientific and technological projects 1 15, 454 major national scientific and technological projects * * *, and 43,935 projects supported by the national natural science foundation * *. By the end of 20 17, 503 State Key Laboratories, National Engineering Research Center 13 1 7 National Engineering Laboratories and National Enterprise Technology Center 1276 have been built. The National Scientific and Technological Achievements Transformation Guidance Fund has set up five Zhi Zi funds with a total capital of 24.72 billion yuan. In 20 17, there were 3.698 million patent applications at home and abroad, and 1.836 million were authorized; The number of PCT patent applications accepted is 5 1000. At the end of the year, there were 7148,000 valid patents, including 654,380+0.356 million national valid invention patents, and the number of invention patents per 10,000 population was 9.8. In 20 17, 368,000 technology contracts were signed, with a turnover of1342.4 billion yuan, an increase of 17.7% over the previous year. In 20 17 years, the number of invention patent applications reached1382,000, with a year-on-year increase of 14.2%, ranking first in the world for seven consecutive years; 5.748 million trademark registration applications were accepted, with a year-on-year increase of 55.72%, ranking first in the world in 16.
Basic research, applied research and development research are three interrelated links in the whole scientific research system, which develop harmoniously in a country and a professional field. Scientific research should have certain conditions, such as a reasonable scientific and technological team, necessary scientific research funds, perfect scientific and technological equipment, scientific and technological test sites, etc.
The "compound mode" is the outstanding feature of the national science and technology innovation system in this period, that is, the traditional planning system is gradually introduced into the competition mode and means (the paid contract system for science and technology services is implemented abroad where the research institute is located, and the project contracting system is implemented at home, which has developed into a new type of scientific research production and operation entity. The reform of science and technology system since the mid-1980s has significantly enhanced the vitality of scientific research institutes and accelerated the process of commercialization and industrialization of scientific research achievements. At the same time, the ability of market adjustment enterprises has been enhanced, state-owned enterprises have introduced advanced technology on a large scale, township enterprises and collective enterprises have risen rapidly, and high-tech enterprises and private technology enterprises have flourished.
In addition, the government tries to combine administrative means with market competition, and strengthen the research and development of industrial technology and the dissemination of scientific research results through the implementation of "863 Plan" and "Spark Plan". The compound model of planning and market is conducive to the role of competition in stimulating innovation and promoting the functional perfection of the national scientific and technological innovation system. However, even so, some deep-seated contradictions have not been effectively solved. For example, the status of innovation subject of enterprises has not been established; The government's macro-control ability of grasping science and technology to promote economy is not strong; The entry of scientific research institutes into enterprises, the rational diversion of talents and the corporatization of capital investment still need to be explored.
According to the purpose of research, scientific research can be divided into the following types:
1. Exploratory research. Have a preliminary understanding of the research object or problem, so as to obtain a preliminary impression and perceptual knowledge, and provide the basis and direction for detailed and in-depth research in the future
2. Descriptive research. The task of correctly describing the characteristics or panorama of a certain group of people or a certain phenomenon is to collect data, find out the situation, provide information and describe the main laws and characteristics.
3. Explain the method. Explore the causal relationship between a hypothesis and conditional factors, explore the reasons behind the phenomenon, and reveal the inherent law of the occurrence or change of the phenomenon.