1. Patent, the abbreviation of patent right, is mainly divided into three types: invention, utility model and industrial design. The purpose of establishing patent system by governments of various countries is to encourage people to engage in inventions, protect the rights of inventors (or their transferees or heirs), guide patentees and people to use inventions and creations in a legal and appropriate way, and promote industrial development. The patent system is to let the patentee enjoy the exclusive right of patented technology within the statutory time limit (for example, 20 years), let him enjoy privileged interests in business, and encourage him to share his knowledge openly. When the legal period of patent right expires, the patent right will be extinguished, and people can freely use their patented technology according to the contents disclosed in the patent specification.
2. To apply for a patent, you must submit a "patent specification" to the government agency, clearly and fully expose the content of its invention technology to the point of concrete implementation (not just daydreaming), and define the scope of the right of claim. If the scope of the right requested does not meet the requirements of the patent (such as the invention is an existing known technology), it will be rejected and the patent right cannot be obtained. Because the judgment of patent elements involves uncertain legal concepts, the professional judgment of patent scope made by patent specialized institutions in their judgment rooms often causes controversy, which leads to patent litigation.