Question 2: How to write the investigation report of white pollution DD plastic bags?
Interviewee: Plastic bags play an important role in white pollution.
In most cities in China, garbage disposal is not sanitary landfill or incineration to recover heat energy, but garbage removal, which is transported from the city to the suburbs for open-air stacking or shallow burial. In strong wind, light and heavy plastic garbage, especially ultra-thin plastic bags, is scattered around with the wind, flying all over the sky (dubbed "dancing with the film"), or hanging on branches or telephone poles, and is figuratively compared to "ten thousand flags" on telephone poles, or spreading to rivers with running water.
White pollution mainly refers to the visual pollution and potential harm caused by pollutants to the environment.
Visual pollution refers to the damage of abandoned plastic bags scattered in the environment to the city appearance and landscape, such as various food packaging bags scattered in the natural environment, on both sides of railways, in rivers and lakes, or ultra-thin plastic bags flying all over the sky or hanging on branches, which bring adverse effects to people's vision, which is called visual pollution.
Potential harm refers to the long-term environmental problems caused by the difficulty of decomposing plastic bags after they enter the natural environment. Its harm includes the following aspects:
(1) Long-term accumulation of plastic bag (mainly agricultural plastic film) residues in soil causes soil hardening, which affects the absorption of nutrients and water by crops and leads to crop yield reduction.
(2) Plastic bags discarded on land or in water are eaten by animals as food, resulting in death.
(3) The plastic bags entering the domestic garbage are light in weight, large in volume and difficult to handle. If it is buried, it will occupy a lot of land and it will not be easy to decompose for a long time. Domestic garbage mixed with plastic bags is also not suitable for stacking as fertilizer. Nowadays, visual pollution is the most serious problem in society, but most people still lack sufficient understanding of the potential harm of plastic bags to the environment.
Survey methods: questionnaire survey, data query, calculation, analysis, etc.
Survey data: A family uses 34 plastic bags a week, a family uses 25 plastic bags a week, the Li family uses 100 plastic bags a week, the Lohan family uses 70 plastic bags, the Peng family uses 68 plastic bags, and the Xue Shijie family uses 74 plastic bags a week. According to statistics, the whole group members use 37/kloc-0 plastic bags a week. The organization uses an average of 53 plastic bags every day. The plastic bags used by the team every day can pollute an average of 3 1800 square centimeters of land, which is 3. 18 square meters, which is about 3 square meters. The total area of the school playground is about 1.8 hectares, or 1.8 million square meters. Assuming that each plastic bag pollutes 600 square centimeters of land, the team throws away plastic bags for 6000 days every day, that is, 16 and 160 days, which will pollute the whole playground.
Internet query data: According to the statistics of relevant departments, 1998 domestic packaging plastics (including self-supporting) are nearly 4 million tons, of which 30% are disposable packaging materials that are difficult to recycle, so the annual plastic packaging waste is about1200,000 tons; The output of plastic film is more than 400 thousand tons, and its waste is difficult to be recycled because of mixing a lot of sand. Usually farmers take it to the ground and burn it, and the recycling amount is very small. Disposable plastic daily necessities and medical and health supplies are about 400,000 tons, and the annual output of plastic waste is more than 2 million tons.
In recent ten years, with the rapid development of commodity economy, transportation and tourism, the number of cities has been increasing and the scale has been expanding, which has led to a substantial increase in municipal solid waste. Plastic waste in municipal solid waste is also increasing rapidly. About 3- 10% by weight and 20-30% by volume.
By 2000, the pollution caused by waste plastics was about 5 million tons. In the next 10 year, the cumulative pollution will reach 35 million to 40 million tons, which is an amazing figure. In recent years, China's annual economic losses caused by environmental pollution and ecological destruction are as high as 200 billion yuan, of which ecological damage is 654.38+00 billion yuan. According to the sampling survey in Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai, there are 1 .8 ~ 2.5 billion plastic packaging bags, with an average of/kloc-0 per person per day. Agricultural film is about 6.75 million square meters per year, with hundreds of millions of beverage bottles. The total weight of these varieties is 50,000 ~ 60,000 tons, accounting for 7% ~ 65,438+00% of the total weight of municipal solid waste (garbage).
Harm to the environment: lead to acid rain, destroy the ozone layer, aggravate the greenhouse effect, and provide breeding places for rats, mosquitoes, flies and bacteria. Plastics >>
Question 3: What do the innovation and novelty of novelty retrieval project mean respectively? Better be specific: 10. I'm also filling in that thing, and I'm confused!
Is novelty retrieval the key word of the paper?
The key words of the retrieval strategy should be the key words of your paper, and then put the key words into the example he gave you, which becomes the retrieval type.
As for innovation, we have to make up for it. . . . . . Anyway, didn't the application form filled out before write a lot of similar things?
Question 4: The main contents of novelty retrieval report-basic information of report number-project name, client, entrustment date, name of novelty retrieval institution, date of novelty retrieval completion, name of novelty retrieval project, detailed information of novelty retrieval institution, novelty retrieval purpose, scientific and technological points of novelty retrieval project, scope of novelty retrieval requirements and retrieval strategy, retrieval results, novelty retrieval conclusion, novelty retrieval statement and auditor, and remarks of annex list.
Question 5: How to do well the procedures and methods of novelty retrieval mainly include: project analysis, determination of novelty retrieval points; Screening documents and judging closely related documents; Comparative analysis of documents; Comprehensive analysis, novelty evaluation; Make a novelty retrieval conclusion and submit a written report entrusted by novelty retrieval.
Question 6: How to write a novelty retrieval report? 150 hello!
The format here is:
zhidao.baidu/question/ 166 18866
You can refer to:
lib.tju.edu/...in
Figure:
chinahwd/.../4.jpg
chinahwd/.../2.jpg
chinahwd/.../3.jpg
chinahwd/.../7.jpg
chinahwd/.../5.jpg
chinahwd/.../8.jpg
......& gt& gt
Question 7: Example of Novelty Retrieval Report 20 points ReportNo.: xxxx-xxx
New report of scientific and technological investigation
Project name: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Entrusting unit: XXXX
(customer) XXX
Date of entrustment: XXXX year x month x day
Novelty retrieval agency (seal):
Date of completion of novelty retrieval: XXXX year x month x day.
The people of China and the Ministry of Science and Technology
System in 2000
Name of Chinese Novelty Retrieval Project:
English:
Name of novelty retrieval institution
Postal code of mailing address
The person in charge called to tell the truth.
Contact phone
electronic mailbox/ email box/ email mailbox
First, the purpose of novelty retrieval:
Apply for "Innovation Fund for Small and Medium-sized Sci-tech Enterprises"
Second, the scientific and technological points of novelty retrieval projects
Results content:
XXXX
Novelty retrieval point:
1、
2、
3、
Third, novelty retrieval points and novelty retrieval requirements
Search for "xianggong" domestic patents and documents.
Fourth, the scope and strategy of literature retrieval
Scope of literature retrieval
Domestic related databases:
China Sci-tech Periodical Database
China Mechanical Engineering Abstracts Database
China dissertations database
China Academic Conference Papers Database
China utility model patent database
China design patent database
China invention patent database
China scientific and technological achievements database
Database of outstanding scientific and technological achievements
Database of Major Scientific and Technological Achievements in China
Science and technology decision support database
National science and technology award project database
National scientific and technological achievements transaction information database
China new product planning database
Search strategy
(a) search terms
English: XX, XXX
(2) retrieval type
English: XX * XXX
(3) The number of detected documents and their correlation.
X related documents were retrieved.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) search results
After searching domestic and foreign databases, X documents were retrieved from 14 database and Internet-related websites (see attachment for details), with X related documents, as follows:
1.
2.
In the above related documents, the related document N mentioned the main points of xxxxx in this topic.
Sixth, novelty retrieval conclusion
According to the information provided by users and the entrustment requirements, an online search with the theme of "xxxxxx" was carried out in China, and X Chinese documents were retrieved by using 14 related database and Internet related websites. There are similar contents in this document, but it is different from this project in application.
In the published patent and non-patent documents at home and abroad, except for the articles and patents of the personnel of the project development unit, there is no report that is the same as the overall research and development content of this project.
Novelty inspector (signature): xx Novelty inspector position: engineer
Auditor (signature): xxx Auditor position: senior engineer
(Special Seal for Sci-tech Novelty Retrieval)
Xxxx year x month xx day
Seven. Statements of novelty examiners and auditors
(1) The facts stated in the report are true and accurate.
(2) We carried out novelty retrieval, literature analysis and summary according to the sci-tech novelty retrieval standard, and made the above novelty retrieval conclusion.
(3) The remuneration we get has nothing to do with the analysis, opinions and conclusions in this report, nor with the use of this report.
(4) This report is only used to declare xx.
Novelty examiner (signature): xx Auditor (signature): xxx
Xxxxxx year x month xx day xxxx year x month x day
Eight. Annex list
X documents were retrieved. See the attachment for details.
Nine. Comments ... >>
Question 8: Quality evaluation of novelty retrieval report 1. Is the expression of basic information correct? The basic information in the novelty retrieval report includes scientific and technological points, novelty retrieval points, project names and English translations of novelty retrieval projects. The scientific and technological points in the novelty retrieval report are generally based on the scientific and technological points in the novelty retrieval contract, and are briefly expounded with reference to the scientific and technological information provided by the novelty retrieval client; The novelty points and requirements in the novelty retrieval report are generally consistent with those in the novelty retrieval contract. The main points of science and technology should be expressed objectively, comprehensively and accurately, avoiding lengthy, cumbersome, exaggerated or domestic and foreign initiatives and other comments and conclusions. Novelty retrieval points should accurately and objectively express the novelty of novelty retrieval projects, rather than simply listing the research contents of the projects. 2. Whether the relevant information is collected accurately. Relevant information collection or document retrieval is the most important link of sci-tech novelty retrieval, and it can also be said that it is the key to the success or failure of novelty retrieval. Novelty retrieval requires the novelty retrieval personnel to choose the correct retrieval words, retrieval strategies and literature database. Information collection means not only need international online retrieval and network database retrieval, but also need to pay attention to the information retrieval of product novelty retrieval projects on the Internet by using network search engines. The quality of document information collection of a good novelty retrieval project is as follows: ① Relevant documents are as complete as possible; ② The contents of relevant documents are related to the technical contents of the entrusted project as much as possible; ③ There should be no shortage of the most closely related documents; (4) No unnecessary documents are needed. 3. Is the analysis and description of relevant documents correct? The Standard for Sci-tech Novelty Retrieval of the Ministry of Education requires that the retrieved documents be correctly classified into three categories: irrelevant, relevant and closely related, and the research contents of relevant documents are analyzed and compared with the novelty retrieval points of entrusted projects. Closely related literature refers to the literature whose public theme is the closest to the theme of novelty retrieval project in essence. In the novelty retrieval report, it is necessary to clearly distinguish closely related documents from general related documents. For closely related documents, it is necessary to provide a copy of the full text, cite the facts of its core research content, and make a careful comparison with the relevant contents of the novelty retrieval project to give a general description of the general related documents. 4. Whether the expression of novelty retrieval conclusion is objective, accurate and clear is the ultimate goal of novelty retrieval work and novelty retrieval report, which plays a decisive role in correctly evaluating the novelty and innovation of the project by evaluation experts and competent departments, and directly affects the decision-making of evaluation experts and competent departments. Generally speaking, the novelty judgment should be made for each novelty point in the novelty conclusion part, and an objective, accurate and clear conclusion should be given; If there is overlap and repetition, you can also give a comprehensive conclusion. Because there is still a big gap in the level of science and technology at home and abroad, the conclusion can generally be written separately at home and abroad. If there are closely related documents in the project novelty retrieval point, we should compare the content differences and publication time between them and make corresponding written statements. The general requirement of novelty retrieval conclusion expression is that the conclusion is objective. It is completely based on the facts and data in the literature and is not affected by various subjective and objective factors. The conclusion is accurate. In the process of comparison, analysis and synthesis, novelty retrieval personnel should read the literature patiently and carefully, and compare and analyze it repeatedly to ensure that the conclusion is correct and reliable. The conclusion is clear. Words should be concise and to the point, and don't give people a vague feeling. Some novelty retrieval points are too specific or detailed to retrieve the corresponding literature for comparison. This means that the relevant documents did not mention the relevant content, and did not simply give the conclusion that it was not reported. 5. Whether the written expression of the novelty retrieval report is accurate and standardized can generally be evaluated from the following aspects: fluency of sentences, application of specialized vocabulary, implementation of the international system of units, accuracy of translation, unity of the whole report style, clarity of structure, and presence or absence of typos.
Question 9: The description requirement of novelty retrieval report consists of 16 digits * * * and uppercase English letters, which are divided into four parts: the first four digits from the left are the year number (such as 2010); The 5th-7th digits are fixed as the administrative code "360" of the Ministry of Education; The number 8- 12 is the number of the novelty retrieval station authorized by the Ministry of Education (zero should be added in front if there is no space); 13- 16 is the annual serial number of the number of projects undertaken by the novelty retrieval station (zero shall be added before the shortage). The contract number (or entrustment number) of sci-tech novelty retrieval project shall be consistent with the number of this novelty retrieval report. Generally, the name of the item on the homepage is only the name of the novelty retrieval item in the table on page 2 of Chinese name, and only the Chinese name is filled in the domestic literature novelty retrieval, and the English name column can be filled in with "ellipsis"; Chinese and English names must be filled in at the same time for literature novelty retrieval at home and abroad. Refers to the natural person, legal person or other organization that puts forward the demand for novelty retrieval; The name of the unit should fill in the "client" of the novelty retrieval project entrusted by the unit. Fill in the "Science and Technology Novelty Retrieval Workstation of the Ministry of Education ××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××× Novelty retrieval of project appraisal should briefly explain the research background of the project, introduce the main scientific and technological characteristics of the project, the novelty and main innovations of the completed project compared with the existing similar research, technology and technology, and reflect the data and quantitative indicators of the project's scientific and technological level. Scientific research projects should briefly explain the background and development trend of the project, and clarify the significance, academic level, main innovations and advantages of the research. The patent application project should clarify the main technical characteristics or scope of the project, compare it with the existing (patented) technology, and highlight the innovative content of the project. Development projects (products, technologies) should briefly describe their uses and functions, introduce the main processes (technology combination), composition, performance indicators and other data that can reflect their technical level, and compare them with the parameters of similar products at home and abroad, as well as the scale benefits (pilot, pilot and industrial production) obtained by the project. To declare the scientific and technological achievement award project, we should explain the domestic and international background, basic principles and technical indicators of the project, the level achieved by the project compared with similar research, the economic and social benefits generated, and the prospects for popularization and application. Refers to the specific desire of the new client. It must be expressed in formatted statements. For example, novelty retrieval institutions are required to prove whether there are the same or similar literature reports at home and abroad (or at home) within the scope of novelty retrieval; Require novelty retrieval institutions to judge the novelty of novelty retrieval projects; Novelty retrieval institutions are required to make a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign (or domestic) literatures on novelty retrieval projects independently or comprehensively to prove whether there are the same or similar literature reports. Domestic novelty retrieval topics should be treated differently according to the purpose of novelty retrieval: urban or enterprise topics: those with strong application and weak innovation can only be used for domestic literature novelty retrieval; For theoretical or innovative topics, it is necessary to carry out novelty retrieval at home and abroad. If domestic research results want to retrieve papers published abroad, national and provincial projects must be novelty-searched at home and abroad. Refers to the technological innovations that need to be verified to reflect the novelty of novelty retrieval projects. It is the basis for novelty retrieval personnel to formulate retrieval words and strategies, and to compare, analyze and judge novelty. Novelty retrieval points are generally extracted from the scientific and technological points of the project, or all the technical keys in the technical points, but don't list the general technical characteristics in the novelty retrieval project as novelty retrieval points. The expression of novelty retrieval points should be objective and scientific, and the words should be concise and clear. When there are many novelty points in novelty retrieval projects that need to be verified, they should be listed one by one, so that novelty retrieval personnel can make novelty conclusions in novelty retrieval reports respectively. Special attention should be paid to the selection of search words that can reflect the essence of novelty retrieval projects, including synonyms, keywords, free words, abbreviations, chemical registration numbers and international patent classification numbers, and attention should be paid to the different spelling of English and American words. Fill in Chinese search terms, abbreviations, etc. Novelty retrieval of domestic documents; Fill in Chinese and English search words and abbreviations in domestic and foreign literature retrieval. Special attention should be paid to the feasibility, rationality, inclusiveness and flexibility of retrieval combination. Logical operators, positional operators, word breakers and other retrieval operators should be used to determine the relationship between words ... >>
Question 10: What materials do I need to apply for the sci-tech novelty report? ! ! ! ! Fill in the key points of science and technology, novelty search and keywords, and you can pay.
Scientific and technological points of novelty retrieval project: (Note: It is a high-level summary of the project, about 200-600 words, which should fully reflect the general situation of novelty retrieval project. The specific contents include: the purpose or application scope of the project results, the technical problems to be solved, the technical scheme or method to solve the technical problems, the main technical characteristics, the technical effects and applications obtained, such as the technical characteristics, structure or patents owned by the project. )
Novelty retrieval point: (Note: It refers to the technical innovation or improvement of the entrusted novelty retrieval project compared with the same industry or field. It is the essential feature of the technical content of the project, which needs to be clearly expressed by universal and standardized scientific and technical concepts or terms, rather than simply and generally describing the overall characteristics. Specifically: what are the main innovations, improvements and enhancements of this project on the basis of predecessors, or what different technologies and methods have been adopted? Try to write as little or not as much as possible about the same aspects as others, and try to highlight the differences of this project. Try not to write specifications, technical parameters or indicators, not exceeding 3 points. )