Causes of hot spots:
Two sessions discuss low-carbon economy: new options of energy strategy
A series of actions show that from national leaders to ordinary people, low-carbon economy and low-carbon thinking are increasingly incorporated into their own living systems. So, what is the current development of low-carbon economy-related industries in China? In fact, in terms of macro-goals, our government has made a commitment to the whole world: by 21, the energy consumption per unit GDP will be reduced by 2%; On this basis, it is further promised that by 22, carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP will be reduced by 4% to 45% compared with 25, and non-fossil energy will account for about 15% of primary energy consumption. In fact, the country has made efforts in many ways, such as vigorously developing new energy sources. Lin Boqiang told reporters that the low-carbon economy is the choice of energy policy, that is, how much energy does the country use? What kind of energy is used? How to arrange the energy structure? Zhang Guobao, director of the National Energy Administration, also told the outside world a few days ago that this year China will focus on developing renewable energy and nuclear energy, and is committed to fulfilling the commitments made by China at the Copenhagen Climate Summit. In addition, it is also reported that the supporting policies being studied and formulated by the state include the Development Plan of Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Industry, the Development Plan of Emerging Energy Industry, the Guiding Opinions on Developing Low-carbon Economy and the Opinions on Accelerating the Implementation of Contract Energy Management to Promote the Development of Energy Conservation Service Industry.
in specific industries, the rapid development of China's new energy industry in recent years is also paving the way for a low-carbon economy. Take the wind power industry as an example. Data show that during the four years from 25 to 29, the installed capacity of wind power in China increased rapidly from 1.26 million kilowatts to 17 million kilowatts, making it the fastest growing country in the world. In addition, there is no doubt that low energy consumption, low pollution and low emissions have become the general direction of China's economic development in the future. It can be predicted that in the next 1 years, the industries related to low carbon will show a development trend, and the related industrial interest chain will continue to extend, and the low-carbon economy industry will become the most enthusiastic investment field for Chinese investors.
since 25, the international oil price has been rising, hitting record highs. In recent years, some areas of our country have also experienced "power shortage", "oil shortage" and coal emergency for power generation. Energy, known as the blood of industry, is the primary issue of economic development. Energy is not only a domestic issue, but also an international issue. Energy also involves the stability and security of the country, and it has a far-reaching impact on the international political, economic, diplomatic and military pattern. It is not only a problem of itself, but also a problem of ecological protection, how to develop harmoniously between man and nature, and how to promote the all-round progress of human economy and society. The energy issue has been a persistent hot spot in the college entrance examination for many years.
college entrance examination replay
1. (27 Beijing Wenzong, 22) There are three pictures on display in the museum. The following information corresponds to the picture order. The inaccurate group is
A. Hargreaves, Steven Sunkar? Ben Ci B. Artificial power, steam power, fuel power
C. 176s, early 19th century, 196s D. Industrial Revolution, Second Industrial Revolution
2. (27 Guangdong Single Subject, 25) At the beginning of the 2th century, physics itself underwent a revolutionary change. The following options promote this change:
A. Invention and utilization of electricity B. Proposition and development of quantum theory C. Development of classical mechanics D. Application of atomic energy in military affairs
3. (Guangdong Liberal Arts Foundation, 27, 3) The coal consumption in Britain soared from 1 million tons in 18 to 6 million tons in 1856. The main reason for this change is
A. The popularization of steam engine B. The theory of relativity C. The appearance of internal combustion engine D. The invention of generator
4. (26 Shanghai Grand Synthesis, 12) Scientific and technological progress promotes the development of military technology. In the First World War, the British army used new weapons several times (as shown in the picture). This new weapon adopted the most advanced scientific and technological achievements at that time, including
① the widespread application of coal, ② the invention and manufacture of internal combustion engine, ③ the breakthrough of steelmaking technology, ④ the extensive application of oil, ④ the improvement and application of steam engine, and ⑤ the progress of ironmaking technology
A12B456C23D136. > 5. (Sichuan Wenzong, 19, 26) The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an important international economic organization, and its establishment has had an impact on West Asian countries.
A. West Asian countries gained a lot of oil wealth. B. It directly led to the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq war.
C. West Asian countries established petrochemical production systems. D. A few countries in West Asia entered the ranks of rich countries in the world.
6. This sentence emphasizes that
A. Junker landlords control mineral resources such as coal and iron. B. Industrialization is the material basis for Germany's reunification.
C. Alsace and Lorraine were seized from France. D. Prussia achieved reunification by virtue of the dynastic war.
Propositional perspective
1. Politics: energy issues are closely related to today's social reality, such as energy development and utilization, agriculture, rural areas and farmers, building a new socialist countryside, resource-saving society and sustainability.
2. Geography: "Classification and distribution of energy", "Development and utilization of new energy", etc.
3. History: energy and the evolution of human civilization (three scientific and technological revolutions).
integration of literature and literature
(1) Geography: energy classification
Energy can be divided into two categories according to their attributes:
1. Renewable energy, such as solar energy, electric energy, hydro energy, bioenergy, wind energy, tidal energy, wave energy and geothermal energy;
2. Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal, oil, natural gas and nuclear energy.
(2) history: the development and utilization of energy in ancient China:
(1) the utilization of bioenergy in ancient times. The ancient working people in China used animal power for agricultural production in Niu Geng in the Spring and Autumn Period, which was also a revolution of agricultural power in the history of agricultural technology in China. Utilization of non-biological energy: two historical examples of liberating manpower by hydraulic power. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Du Shili invented the water platoon of blast iron smelting tool by hydraulic power, and in the Tang Dynasty, he invented the agricultural irrigation tool truck by hydraulic power.
(2) From the late Spring and Autumn Period, people used charcoal as fuel for smelting iron. (3) The Western Han Dynasty began to use coal as fuel to smelt iron.
(4) During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, China already used oil and natural gas. People recorded the situation of oil utilization in Jiuquan, Qiuci and other places in detail, using oil for lighting, treating diseases, lubricating and even fire attack in war.
(5) During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, coal was mined in large quantities, which became a fuel widely used by the people and was widely used in iron smelting and steelmaking.
(6) In the Ming Dynasty, coke was used as fuel to smelt metals, which improved the smelting quality
(3) Historical geography: development and utilization of major energy sources since modern times:
(1) development and utilization of coal
Geographical features: high energy and wide application; However, resources are limited and pollution is great.
Historical overview: ④ In the first industrial revolution, the steam engine using coal as fuel was invented, and the coal mining industry developed rapidly; Steam locomotives and steamships using coal as fuel appeared. (5) Wei Yuan's "Sea Country Records" introduced the western steam engine; The Westernization Movement introduced western steam machines and established military and civilian industries. ⑥ After the second industrial revolution, Germany got Alsace and Lorraine rich in coal and iron ore in France, which made Germany's total industrial output value quickly rank first in Europe. However, the pace of industrial development in France has slowed down. ⑦ After World War I, the Treaty of Versailles stipulated that the Saar coal mining area would be managed by the League of Nations for 15 years, and then its ownership would be decided by referendum.
Impact: making human social production enter age of steam by manual operation; It also promoted the modernization of transportation and military affairs; At the same time, it also caused serious pollution.
(2) Development and application of electric power
Geographical features: the power can be adjusted and converted at will, making it easy to use; Fast transmission, not limited by time and space; Less pollution; There are many sources of electricity. Conditions: With the progress of natural science theory and the discovery of electromagnetic induction, mechanical energy can be converted into electrical energy, which makes it possible to manufacture generators.
Historical overview: ① A series of electrical inventions appeared in 196s and 197s: Siemens invented the generator; The invention of electric lights, trams, movies, telegrams and telephones promoted the development of the electronic industry. ② After the founding of New China, several famous power stations have been established in China: Gezhouba Power Station, Xiaolangdi Power Station, Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station, Qinshan Nuclear Power Station and Three Gorges Project.
impact: social production has entered the "electrical age" from "age of steam".
(3) Exploitation and utilization of petroleum
Geographical features: high efficiency, which is the most widely used energy source at present; Limited resources and uneven distribution; The exploitation, transportation and utilization of oil will pollute the environment.
conditions: the progress of modern chemistry: lavoisier's combustion and oxidation principle; Dalton's atomism: The establishment of the theory of molecular-atomic structure of matter in the mid-19th century.
historical overview: ① with the rise of the second industrial revolution, the internal combustion engine appeared in the 197s and 198s; The diesel engine was successfully created in the 199s: it promoted the emergence and development of petroleum exploitation and petrochemical industry; Cars, diesel locomotives, ocean-going ships, planes and other internal combustion engine vehicles have come out one after another; ② During the ten-year comprehensive construction period, anniversary Oilfield, Shengli Oilfield and Dagang Oilfield were built in China, and in 1965, all the oil was self-sufficient.
Impact: ① The productivity has been further improved, which has facilitated people's lives; ② It has also brought environmental pollution; ③ As the most widely used energy source in modern times, oil is also an important strategic resource, which has a great impact on modern international relations; ① In 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia, and the League of Nations did not include oil and other important strategic resources in the embargo. (2) In 194, Japan put forward the so-called "Greater East Asia * * * Glory Circle Plan", and countries such as Britain and the United States imposed economic sanctions on Japan, including the oil embargo. Japan launched the Pacific War in order to seize strategic materials. (3) Because of the rich oil reserves in the Gulf of West Asia, it has become the focus of long-term struggle and control by imperialism. In 23, the United States launched the Iraq war to control Iraqi oil. (4) In 196, West Asian countries established the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) to fight against western oil monopoly capital. After the 197s, oil-producing countries gradually took full or most control of their own oil industry. On the one hand, raising oil prices and increasing oil revenue; On the other hand, change the single economy, develop petrochemical and other industries, improve agriculture and establish a relatively complete industrial system. ⑤ In 1973, after the Fourth Middle East War, OPEC imposed economic sanctions on western countries with oil as a weapon, which triggered the most serious economic crisis in the capitalist world after World War II. ⑥ Uneven distribution of oil resources has intensified the polarization between the rich and the poor in West Asian countries, resulting in constant contradictions, thus exacerbating the turmoil in regional situations, such as the Gulf War and the Iraq War.
(4) Development and utilization of atomic energy
Geographical features: huge energy, high efficiency and high technical requirements; Can be used for military and civilian purposes; It is radioactive and extremely destructive.
conditions: the revolution of physics: the discovery of radioactivity of electrons and elements, the introduction of quantum theory and relativity at the end of 19th century and the beginning of 2th century. Einstein put forward the famous mass-energy relation: E=mc2. World War II and the demands of countries after it.
Historical overview: In World War II, the United States put forward the "Manhattan Project" to build an atomic bomb; In 1949, the Soviet Union successfully built an atomic bomb. In 1954, the Soviet Union built the first nuclear power plant; In 1958, the first atomic energy reactor in China was built; In the 196s, atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs were successfully developed. China established Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station and Qinshan Nuclear Power Station in 199s
Impact: The peaceful development and utilization of nuclear energy is a revolution in human energy utilization, which greatly improves social productivity and promotes social progress. The use of nuclear energy in the military has brought a devastating threat to mankind and has become a major issue in contemporary international relations. In 1945, the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan, which accelerated the victory of the world anti-fascist war, but also caused great casualties and sequelae. Under the bipolar pattern, the United States and the Soviet Union launched a nuclear arms race, which seriously threatened world peace and security; In the 197s, the United States and the Soviet Union reached a series of agreements on the limitation of strategic nuclear weapons. In 1983, President Reagan put forward the "Star Wars Plan" to eliminate the threat of strategic nuclear missiles, which was in an advantageous position in the nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union. ④ The United States withdrew from the "ABM Treaty"; North Korea withdraws from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty; India and Pakistan conducted nuclear tests. ⑤ North Korea nuclear issue in current international relations; The Iranian nuclear issue.
consolidation exercise
oil is one of the most important energy sources in the world today, which has a great influence on modern society and economy. Most of the major events in modern international relations are centered around the oil problem. According to this, answer question 115
1. The major historical events in the Second World War are closely related to oil resources ()
① The Battle of El Alamein ② The outbreak of the Pacific War ③ The German attack on Stalingrad ④ The naval battle on Midway Island
A.12B.23C.34D.1④
2. For a long time, Western powers, led by the United States, frequently intervene in Middle East affairs. The geographical reasons are ()
① sharp ethnic contradictions ② sharp religious contradictions ③ being located in five seas and three continents, with the most oil production and export, which is of great strategic significance
A.12B.13C.23D.3④
3. The following historical events are related to oil ()
. Italy invaded Ethiopia ② Japan attacked Pearl Harbor
③ The worst economic crisis after World War II ④ The United States launched the Gulf War and the Iraq War successively < P > A.123B.124C.234D.12344 < P > 4. During the above period, The major oil fields that directly contribute to China's oil self-sufficiency do not include
A. Daqing Oilfield B. Shengli Oilfield C. Dagang Oilfield D. Zhongyuan Oilfield
5. Since the reform and opening up, China has built energy bases ()
① Daqing Oilfield ② Shengli Oilfield ③ Antaibao Open-pit Coal Mine ④ Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station ⑤ Three Gorges Hydropower Station ⑤ Shanghai Baosteel Company
a.① 2b.③ 45c.