The first category, plant genetically modified food.
There are many genetically modified foods from plants. For example, bread production needs wheat with high protein content, while the current wheat variety protein has low content. Transferring the highly expressed protein gene into wheat will make bread have better baking performance. Tomato is a kind of fruit and vegetable with rich nutrition and high economic value, but it is not resistant to storage. In order to solve the problem of genetically modified food-tomatoes
As for the storage of tomatoes and other fruits, the researchers found that the enzyme gene that controls the synthesis of ethylene, a plant senescence hormone, is an important gene that leads to plant senescence. If the expression of this gene can be inhibited and the biosynthesis of ethylene, an aging hormone, can be controlled by genetic engineering, tomatoes will not become soft and rotten easily. Many scientists from the United States, China and other countries have cultivated this new tomato variety through their efforts. This tomato is anti-aging, anti-softening, storage-resistant, and can be transported for a long distance, which can reduce the waste in processing, production and transportation.
The second category is animal genetically modified food.
There are also many kinds of animal genetically modified foods. For example, human genes are transferred to cattle, and the milk produced by cows when they grow up contains genetic drugs, which can be used to treat human diseases after extraction. By transferring the human auxin gene into the genome of pigs, the growth rate of pigs has doubled and the quality of pork has been greatly improved. Now such pork is invited to the table in Australia.
The third category, genetically modified microbial food.
Microorganisms are the most commonly used transformation materials for transgene, so transgenic microorganisms are relatively easy to cultivate and widely used. For example, chymosin used to be extracted only from the stomachs of killed calves, but now this food-strawberry has been genetically modified by genetically modified microorganisms.
Chymosin can be produced in large quantities in vitro, which avoids the innocent death of calves and reduces the production cost.
The fourth category, genetically modified special food.
Scientists use biological genetic engineering to turn ordinary crops such as vegetables, fruits and grain into magical "vaccine food", which can prevent diseases. Scientists have cultivated an alfalfa plant that can prevent cholera. Feeding this alfalfa to mice can greatly enhance their disease resistance. Moreover, this cholera antigen can withstand the corrosion of gastric acid without being destroyed, which can stimulate the body's immune ability to cholera. Therefore, more and more disease-resistant genes are transferred to plants, so that people can taste delicious fresh fruits and achieve the purpose of preventing diseases.