052C air defense guided missile destroyers 170 and 17 1;
Power system: around the chimney of destroyer 170, you can see the large air filter window unique to gas turbine warships. The main engine is DA/DN80, 1995 made in Ukraine. This is the most advanced mainframe of its kind in the world except WR-2 1 of the United States, but its service life and maintenance time remain to be seen. The main engine of DA/DN80 is 4.6m long, weighs16t, rotates at 3000-3600rpm, and the maximum power can reach 26680.5kW, with a thermal efficiency of 36.5%. Its performance is quite advanced. But China MTU20V956TB90 is still the main auxiliary engine.
Invisible:
2 1 century, navies all over the world began to pursue stealth requirements in warship design. Because of the previous design experience of 167, the China navy adopted a further improved method on 170, changed the semi-closed design method of 167 in appearance, and adopted a fully closed shape design for the first time. A curved panel is used instead of a flat panel, the inclination angle of the side wall is larger, and a round surface and edges are used at the corners to avoid strong specular reflection. And all kinds of exposed weapons and equipment are also secretly modified as much as possible; For example, the main gun adopts stealth design, the anti-ship missile is equipped with a double-sided baffle, and the air defense missile adopts a vertical launcher, so that the whole mechanism is buried deep inside the hull. For surface ships, infrared radiation has obvious detectable characteristics. Its infrared radiation sources are mainly chimneys, main engine room and its exhaust gas and hot water, lights, thermal radiation on the hull surface, etc. On 170, aiming at the chimney with strong infrared characteristics, many methods were adopted to suppress infrared radiation, such as cold water cooling, heat insulation baffle, coating heat insulation layer, heat insulation pad, and exhaust gas generated by diesel engine being discharged into water through internal pipelines. In the aspect of acoustic stealth, the hull surface of 170 adopts anechoic tile, anechoic coating and efficient five-blade paddle to prevent underwater sonar detection. The combination of the above protective measures makes the stealth ability of 170 outstanding. It is said that the signal on the display screen of the 170 radar with a full displacement of more than 7,000 tons is only equivalent to the size of a ship of several hundred tons.
Weapons and equipment:
12 tubular anti-torpedo deep-water bomb is at the bow of the ship, and FQF-2500/ 12 tubular anti-submarine/anti-torpedo deep-water bomb launcher, which was originally considered to have been eliminated, appears on 170 again. The depth bomb has a range of about 2500 meters and is mainly used for close-range anti-submarine. At present, China Navy still has a large number of ships equipped with this old but practical equipment. However, it is a bit impossible to deal with those high-performance submarines with deep bombs with a range of 2500 meters; Therefore, in terms of use, the author thinks it is more likely to be used to counter incoming torpedoes, which is by no means nonsense, because Russian naval vessels are generally equipped with similar anti-torpedo facilities. Except for the number of bombs, the others are almost the same, such as the overall structure, launcher and system ammunition. Although this system has a simple structure and no guidance and electronic jamming equipment, compared with other commonly used anti-torpedo equipment, it is a drop in the bucket, but it is powerful, fast to launch and dense in firepower, and can form a tight underwater barrier during volley. As long as we cooperate with reliable testing equipment, we can still achieve certain results.
Naval gun:
At the back of the 12 tube anti-torpedo deep-water bomb launcher, a single tube 100 mm compact naval gun developed by French company Creusot Loire is installed, which is mainly used for attacking maritime targets and air defense, as well as anti-missile and carrying out bombing missions on the other side. The shell adopts stealth design, with an initial velocity of 870 m/s, a barrel length of 5500 mm and a firing rate of 10 ~ 90 rounds/min. For maritime targets, the maximum range is17500m and the effective range is12000m; for air targets, the maximum range is 8000m and the effective range is 6000m; The gun weighs 17000 kg and has the advantages of compact structure, light weight, high firing rate and short reaction time. At a distance of 20000 meters, the probability of a single shot hitting the target can reach 0.7 ~ 0.8. This kind of gun is probably made in China after importing French patent. As early as the mid-1980s, China purchased two sets of this device from France, of which 1 set was randomly used on the anti-submarine enhanced Jianghu class frigate 544. According to the application effect, China Navy was very satisfied with the performance of the gun, and then signed an import production line with France, which provided technical support to further improve the gun to equip newly designed large surface ships. Because 170 will be mainly used to patrol the South China Sea in China in the future, it can still complete the combat mission well with the advantages of fast firing rate, high hit accuracy and great power in the face of the weakness of the navies of Southeast Asian countries. After all, sometimes shells are more useful than missiles.
Air defense missile:
As a first-class air defense destroyer, 170 is equipped with China's first ship-borne long-range air defense missile, model HHQ-9, developed from land-based HQ-9A. The missile is wingless, with a minimum operational altitude of 0.5 km, a maximum operational altitude of 30 km, a minimum operational distance of 6 km, a maximum operational distance of 120 km and a maximum flight speed of over Mach 4.2. The missile has a total length of 6.8m, a diameter of 0.47m, a missile weight of1300kg and a warhead weight of over180kg. The missiles were launched in vertical cold launch mode, divided into six packages, with a total of 48 HHQ-9A missiles. The launcher is similar to the revolver used by the Russian navy, but the launching system of SA-N-6 uses one launcher for eight missiles, while China's Haihong -9 uses a separate launcher for each missile. Comparatively speaking, the launch mode of Haihong -9 is more reliable, the launch speed is faster and the safety rate is higher. However, because the minimum shooting height of the missile is only 500 meters, it is obviously unable to meet the requirements of fleet air defense, so the close cooperation of other ships is needed when performing formation air defense.
Anti-ship missile: Because the design idea of 170 is air defense first, supplemented by anti-submarine, the anti-ship combat capability of this ship is not as good as that of the destroyer newly commissioned and improved by China Navy in recent years (usually equipped with 16 anti-ship missile), but it is also equipped with 8 sets of C-803/ Eagle Strike-12 supersonic anti-ship missile launchers. The missile launcher is also designed to be cylindrical, which is more conducive to the stability, accuracy and guarantee of launch. The C-803 missile continues the aerodynamic layout of the C-802 missile body, and its length seems to be longer than that of the C-802, with a maximum range of about 250 kilometers. It retains the structure of C-802 small turbojet engine, and the fairing of the warhead is slightly thinner than the former. It uses a new solid rocket engine with a terminal speed of Mach 2.3, which can carry out difficult hunting and spy maneuvers. In addition, there is an antenna in front of the folding wing to receive the data link, which can be guided by ships, helicopters and even satellites for over-the-horizon attacks. C-803 can be said to be a masterpiece of modern anti-ship missiles, and its excellent performance will surely play a formidable role in future maritime wars/conflicts.
Short-range defense system;
The short-range defense system on 170 is a 30 mm Vulcan rapid-fire gun newly developed by China, one under the bridge and the other on the upper right of the hangar. From the appearance, the design of the gun draws lessons from the Dutch "goalkeeper" defense system to some extent. The system was developed in the early 1990s. In order to reduce the cost and simplify the logistics, the ready-made barrels of Russian AK-630 are used like the double 37 system, but the number is increased to seven, and the speed reaches 5800 rounds per minute. Its response speed is fast, its reliability is good, its hit accuracy is high, its power is great, and its overall performance exceeds the "dense array" commonly used by navies of various countries at present. The servo system adopts advanced algorithm, the power amplification adopts digital pulse width modulation system, and the closed-loop circuit ignition control technology is applied for the first time, which can eliminate the impact deviation and promote the AC system. Unlike the "goalkeeper", the gun has no search radar and lacks the ability to track and scan multiple targets. Its 1/K band Doppler tracking radar can automatically switch to eliminate the mirror image reaction, while the reverse time of ODF-730 spot tracker should be less than 3 seconds, and the measurement accuracy is 0.3 meters. The tandem arrangement also enables the two guns to cooperate in an emergency and improve the damage probability.
Anti-submarine system:
The anti-submarine capability of 170 is very complete, mainly equipped with 1 three-mounted improved "Whitehead" anti-submarine torpedo system and 1 Ka -28 anti-submarine helicopter. The "Whitehead" torpedo was copied by China in 1980s. A light anti-submarine torpedo designed for torpedoes. The mine is 2.75 meters long, 324 mm in diameter, with a range of 15 km, a speed of 35 knots and a maximum dive depth of 500 meters. It is powered by lead-acid batteries. Torpedoes can be carried by surface ships or mounted by anti-submarine helicopters. In anti-submarine sonar, there are spherical nose sonar and towed sonar. The arrangement of sonar is special, which changes the traditional front-tail dragging mode and turns to the side-tail arrangement. When the sonar works, the winch rises from the left/right tail. Disadvantages are that sonar arrangement/recovery is difficult, its accuracy is poor, and its work is greatly affected by sea conditions. 170 this sonar arrangement seems a bit boring.
automated command system
The network of shipborne C3I system includes the local area network inside the shipborne command center and the interconnection between the command centers. * * * Network topology in the form of shared media and bus is widely used, and the speed of bus usage has also developed from low-speed 1Mbps to medium-low speed standard 10Mbps bandwidth. IPN- 10 is widely used in China Navy's new large and medium-sized surface ships. The system adopts MHIDAS multi-channel advanced integrated distribution structure system. The bus system adopts modular structure and is divided into main line and branch line. The main line can reach 50 meters, and the longest distance between two terminal devices can reach 400 meters. The data transmission rate of the bus can reach 10Mbps/ s, and the maximum number of users can reach 256, which can meet the requirements of medium and large ships for transmission distance, transmission rate and number of terminals. 052C is also equipped with a new generation of ZKJ-5 operational intelligence command system developed by the 709th Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation, which is the third generation operational intelligence system in China. Compared with the second generation, the overall performance has been greatly improved. The system is accelerated to 100M fast Ethernet (switched), which has greatly improved the real-time performance, network capacity, network analysis and modeling, reliability and so on. It is believed that 152C will adopt the first naval formation campaign and tactical automatic command system (H/ZBJ- 1). The new command system adopts more powerful and faster data bus, more advanced flagship data display hub, Ethernet LAN based on optical fiber data bus and open system interconnection structure. This system combines the comprehensive communication, navigation and identification between the forces in the battle group, and is used to exchange joint tactical data links, thus effectively commanding, managing and coordinating the fleet ships and shore-based and space-based detection platforms. At present, 704 research institutes are still designing and researching the command system of aircraft carrier fleet and the blockade system of a theater in Nanjing Military Region's military struggle against Taiwan.
Electronic equipment:
The electronic equipment on 170 is mainly a set of "plank brick" phased array radar system developed by China, and its arrangement is similar to that of American and Japanese Alibok class destroyers and King Kong class destroyers. It is the fourth country to master this technology after the United States, Russia, the Netherlands and Japan. The system consists of four radar emitting surfaces installed in four directions of the bridge, which are quadrangular, and the radar search distance is within 450-500 kilometers. The working mode is active, and the shape is a box, which is fixed through the front, rear, left and right sides and fixed by grids. This band is active S-band, and the angle formed by the combination of the front face and the side section of the hull is about 80 degrees. The total weight is about 1.25~ 1.3 tons, and the load ratio coefficient is "3". The system consists of command and control system, detection and tracking system, fire control system, missile launching system and operational preparation and testing system. The degree of automation is quite high. When entering the combat state, the operator first searches the whole airspace with the "brick" radar, automatically turns to the tracking state after finding the target, independently identifies the enemy and the enemy, evaluates the threat, and then transmits the result data to the weapon control system. The weapon control system automatically compiles the interception program according to the data and sends it to HHQ-9A air defense missile. Missiles usually follow a preset trajectory. The weapon control system corrects the flight path deviation of the missile with low data instructions through the "brick" radar. When the missile flies to the terminal, it independently looks for the target to attack. Because the missile uses an explosive fighter, it has a high hit rate. It is believed that with this system, the air defense capability of China Navy will be improved by leaps and bounds. Although the number of missiles of 170 is not as good as that of Aegis ships of the United States and Japan, the low price of 170 (King Kong class 1/2) makes the overall cost-effectiveness ratio of this ship much higher than that of other similar ships.
In order to supplement the search blind area of phased array radar, China also deployed a set of 5 17 yagi antenna array long-range air/sea early warning radar on 170, which was improved from the old Soviet radar in 1960s and used the old yagi rack antenna, but the equipment has been fully upgraded. Although the 5 17 radar has no stable base, its accuracy will decrease under strong winds and waves, but it has little influence on the long-range radar with a search distance of 350km. Moreover, the wide beam used by this radar seems to be more effective in detecting disappearing aircraft, so the China Navy still uses it today. The radar has strong anti-jamming ability, can work in an extremely complex electronic environment, can search for a distance of 180 km, and can detect stealth targets. This kind of radar is generally equipped on Chinese naval vessels, which can be said to be the specimen equipment of Chinese navy. There is also a white spherical radome on the top mast of 170; From the appearance, the radar is similar to the guidance radar of French Aster 15/30 air defense missile, which is used to control Aster missiles to carry out coordinated attacks, but the possibility of searching the sea surface is not ruled out.
Another striking part of the ship is the spherical antenna surface guided by the "Music Station" anti-ship radar. The radar is the standard equipment of Russian modern destroyer SS-N-22 anti-ship missile, which works in D/E/F band. It is mainly equipped on large and medium-sized warships such as modern class and fearless class of Russian navy. It is mainly used for mid-course radar guidance of anti-ship missiles, and also has the ability of air-to-sea search. The radome is 3.2m in diameter and 4.5m in height. A circular paraboloid reflector is installed in the hood, and the radar control distance is within 120km. The 170 is not equipped with Russian SS-N-22 missile, so the device is also considered to be able to guide the C-803 missile, which shows that the system has good universality, and secondly, it can reduce the labor intensity of the ship-borne helicopter to a certain extent, which is more conducive to the play of combat effectiveness.
In addition, 170 also has 1 347G fire control radar, I-band (used for anti-ship missiles and 100 mm guns), two EFR- 1 meter light radars and 1 RM- 1290.
Voice-over, by the way, our 052B anti-submarine destroyer!
Missile destroyers 168 and 169
Like 170, 168 guided missile destroyer is also a part of the modernization of China's navy, and its domestic code is 052B. The first ship was launched and outfitted in Jiangnan Shipyard in 2002, and the sea trial began in 2003. It entered service in June 5438+ 10, 2004. There are currently ***2 ships of this class, namely 168 (Guangzhou) and 169 (Wuhan). Judging from the weapons and electronic equipment of the ship, 168 should be a multi-purpose destroyer, good at air defense, anti-ship and anti-submarine. Pan Jingfu is still the chief designer. The project started in 1997 and its design was completed in 1999. Won the national special prize for scientific and technological progress 1999.
The length of the ship is about 155 meters, the width is 20 meters, the empty weight is 6,800 tons, and the full weight is 7,500 tons. The shape is very similar to that of 170. Both of them use the same hull, except that the bridge of 168 is lower than that of 170, and the others are basically the same. In terms of stealth capability, 168 also adopts the design method of fully enclosed and curved panel, instead of flat plate and inclined side wall to reduce radar reflection signal. The measures taken for infrared stealth and acoustic stealth are similar to 170. However, 168 is full of all kinds of electronic and weapon equipment, and the whole superstructure is obviously crowded, which greatly affects the stealth ability of the ship. Although the gross tonnage of 168 ship is not as good as that of air defense type 170, its overall stealth capability is inferior, which is also caused by the different design tasks of the two ships.
Weapon system: We can see a lot of weapons and equipment on 168. There are two 12 anti-torpedo deep-water bomb launchers at the bow of the ship for anti-submarine or anti-torpedo. A French single-tube 100 mm main gun is installed at the tail of the depth charge. The subsequent deck 02 was equipped with 1 Russian-made single-arm air defense missile launcher. The ammunition is SA-N- 12 medium-range air defense missile, which is a product of Russian navy in 1980s and an improved version of sea-based SA-N- 17. It is an all-weather, multi-channel shipborne medium-range air defense missile weapon system, which can undertake the air defense combat tasks of ships and formations. The main targets of interception are bombers, fighter bombers, attack aircraft, helicopters and various anti-ship missiles. The whole system consists of three-coordinate air search radar, continuous wave irradiator, TV platform, target distribution station, fine tracking display and control station, shooting console, central computer, missile, launcher, magazine and launch control equipment. The weapon system has two launchers, which are single-arm oblique frames, located at the bow and stern of the ship respectively, and are used for loading and launching missiles. The azimuth rotation range of the launcher is 360 degrees, the altitude angle range is 0 ~ 70 degrees, and the rotation speed is 90 ~ 100 degrees/second. The launcher can quickly and automatically load the missile, and the time to load another bomb is 12 seconds. The missile has a range of 40 kilometers and a flight speed of Mach 4. Using radio command correction and terminal radar semi-active homing guidance, it can intercept missile targets with a speed of 0.9M and a flying altitude of 10 m, as well as aircraft targets with an altitude of 3000 m and a distance of 40 km. The missile has four characteristics: first, it breaks through the traditional missile combat mode that requires special radar for searching, tracking and illuminating, and directly uses MP-7 10 coordinates to search the target information of radar, and cancels the tracking and guiding radar, thus forming a new missile combat mode of searching and illuminating. This simplifies the system structure and increases the number of fire channels to intercept the target. Therefore, the cost-effectiveness ratio of the system is high. Second, the missile intercepts ultra-low altitude targets with arc trajectory, which can effectively eliminate the influence of sea clutter and image multipath effect on missile guidance. Therefore, the system has the ability to intercept sea-skimming anti-ship missiles. Thirdly, the system adopts modular structure and has flexible adaptability. The number of fire channels can be determined according to the situation of the ship, with a minimum of two and a maximum of 12, which can be equipped with various ships with a capacity of more than 1500t. Fourthly, the system can receive the secondary target information given by the shipborne command and control system, or fight independently. You can also accuse anti-aircraft guns of fighting and form an air defense system combining missiles and artillery. It is said that in a shooting in September, 20001year, the 9M38M 1 missile launched by Hyundai successfully shot down a C 80 1 target with a flying height of 12m at a distance of 16km, which showed the excellent operational performance of the missile, but it failed to do so at12m. It is reported that China Navy is developing three vertical launch systems, which are divided into near, medium and far. There are left-wheel models and models similar to MK-4 1 in the United States, and they have been tested and evaluated on Test 970, which is said to be very successful. At present, the left wheel vertical launch system has been equipped on 170, but it seems a bit puzzling why the medium and short-range air defense missile developed at the same time with HHQ-9A has no information. But what is even more incredible is that only four 18 tube decoy launchers are installed in the huge space behind the SA-N- 12 missile launcher, which shows that the China navy still has plans to install a vertical launch system for 168, and the model should be similar to that of MK-4 1 in the United States, with a bomb load of.
Then, seven 30 mm short-range defense systems were installed in the middle and rear of the bridge. The performance of the gun has been mentioned in this paper. Compared with 170, 168 is arranged on both sides. Theoretically speaking, 168' s near defense capability is not as good as 170, because the ship can only defend incoming missiles one-on-one, and its firepower is half less than that of 170, but this is also the design idea of both. First, 170 is equipped with a vertical launching system, and the whole launching device is buried deep inside the hull. Although the structure is huge, it does not occupy deck space. 168 uses a missile launching arm and must be exposed on the deck under any condition. Second, because 170 installed a huge "brick" phased array radar system on the bridge, the bridge was required to be designed very high to ensure the radar detection interface. 168, as a multi-purpose destroyer without phased array radar, does not need to be designed too high, because it will only have some negative effects, and it does not make much sense in itself; The above two points have caused great differences between the defense systems of the two ships. However, 168 is supported by SA-N- 12 air defense missiles, so the overall defense strength is by no means worse than 170 (the HHQ-9A missile on 170 does not have the ability to intercept missiles).
In terms of anti-ship and anti-submarine capabilities, 168 is equipped with eight more C-803/ Eagle Strike-12 missiles than 170, which has stronger firepower and combat capability.
Electronic equipment: There are many kinds of electronic equipment on the destroyer 168, but they are basically the same as those on the ship 170, such as "Music Station" guided radar, "Yagi antenna" and satellite communication system. The search special radar and air defense guidance radar use Russian "roof" three-coordinate air-sea search radar and four MR-90 "Orech/Qianqiu" fire control radars, with F-band, to control SA-N- 12 air defense missiles. "Roof" radar is also the main equipment of the Russian navy today, which is widely equipped on various types of escort ships and has very advanced performance. It works in E/H frequency band, slot antennas are installed obliquely back to back, and the scanning rate is twice that of unilateral radar. The radar not only has the ability to detect air and sea targets, but also has the functions of air control and low-altitude blind compensation. Its main features are strong anti-electronic interference ability, high degree of automation and good cost performance. 168 is equipped with the latest MAE- 5. On the basis of the original model, the emission power of MAE-5 has doubled to 90kW, and the maximum effective distance is still 300 km, but the detection range of fighter and missile has increased by 20%, reaching 230 km and 50 km respectively. 168 uses the same command and control equipment as 65438. 170, and other aspects such as RM- 1290 navigation radar and 347G fire control radar are both NO. 170.
With this new generation of large-scale surface ships, the overall combat capability of the China Navy will be improved by leaps and bounds, which also marks that China's surface ship construction technology has reached a new level and reached the world's leading level. With the passage of time, it is predicted that by 20 10, China will replace Japan as the first ocean-going offensive navy in Asia and the second in the world, making due contributions to safeguarding the territorial integrity of the motherland and world peace.
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