Dynasty: Pre-Qin Dynasty
Original text:
I went to Sang Rou, he went, he took Liu, and I became a common people. Don't worry, brother Cang fills it out. Why not admire me?
There are four kinds of animals, with some differences. Chaos must not be lost, and the country must not be lost. When the people are frustrated, they will never recover. There is sorrow, and the country is frequent.
If the country goes out of capital, heaven will not. There is no doubt that where is the cloud? The real dimension of a gentleman is to grasp the heart without arguing. Who gave birth to Li Jie and is still a terrier?
Worry and talk, miss me. I was angry every day when I was not born. From west to east, there is nowhere to stay. If you push me too much, you will push me too hard.
In order to make a difference, slash and slash. Tell me you are worried about your shirt. Who can survive the heat? What can it do? Very professional and drowning.
If he returns air, it is also a hole. People worry, clouds don't catch. Good crops are good crops, and people are forced to replace food. Don't grow food, grow crops to protect the treasure, okay?
There is chaos in the sky, and I will be king. Drop this thief and it will itch. Ai bullied China, and used the surplus to die. There is no travel motivation to read the sky.
It is the hope of the people to benefit the monarch. Declare the virtues with your heart and look at them carefully. If you don't like it, give it to yourself. It has its own lungs and intestines, which makes people crazy.
Look at the forest, then at the deer. Friends have fallen and don't care about the valley. People also have words: dilemma.
The saint has profound insight. Stupid people are crazy and happy. Gangsters can't talk, Hus is afraid of jealousy?
This lover of Wei, dear. Wei don't have the heart to care. Human greed is better than poison.
There are tunnels in strong winds and empty valleys. This lover of Wei is like a valley. If the dimension is not smooth, the collection is medium scale.
Strong winds have tunnels, and greedy people are scum. It's right to listen to the words, and it's intoxicating to recite them. Bandits use their goodness to pay me back.
Well, my friend, I did it without knowing it. If there are flying insects, catch them. If you are a prostitute, you can give it back.
People are extremely useless, and work is cool and good. It's bad for the people, just like a cloud. When people come back, the competition for jobs becomes fierce.
People are not violent, thieves are bandits. You can't be cool, but you can cover your back well Although it is a bandit, it is a song!
Sang Rou is a poem in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The Preface to Mao Poetry says, "Rabu stabbed Wang Ye." Press it today, and Mao said it was credible. "Historical Records of Zhou Benji" contains the story of Li Wang: "Li Wang ascended the throne for 30 years, which was very beneficial. He had a close relationship with Rong, and Rui advised him, but he didn't listen, so he used Rong Gong to serve the nobles. Wang Xing is overbearing and arrogant. In thirty-four years, people in Wang Yiyan and China were afraid to speak, and the road depended on their eyes. Three years is the phase of attacking the king, and the king is out. " Wang Fu quoted Lu's poem in "On Latent Husband and Restraining Profit": "There used to be a good patent, but Rui refused to enter it. He replied to the poem "Sang Rou" to satirize it, saying that if it is windy, it will succeed, greedy for the interests of the people and doomed to failure. The king didn't understand, so he went to the king. " Rui Fu Liang is Rab. Rui is the country name, count, Ji surname, good husband. In this view, this poem is not far after Rong Gong became a nobleman. In the thirty-seventh year of Li's life, I stopped writing the poem Sang Rou after this year. This poem is a thorn in Li Wang's side. He is responsible for the ministers in power and for whom he is in power. That is, public. Rabbu and Rong are both contemporaries, that is, colleagues mentioned in the poem. The whole poem has a clear meaning and is actually one of the epics of the Western Zhou Dynasty.
There are sixteen chapters in the whole poem, and eight sentences in the first eight chapters, stabbing you for losing your government, being greedy and tyrannical, and making people miserable. Therefore, it has aroused public dissatisfaction. In the last eight chapters, there are six sentences blaming colleagues, but it also shows that Li Wang's improper employment is also Li Wang's fault, so Mao Chuan always said that he would stab Wang.
In the first chapter, Sang is a comparison. Mulberries are dense and widely shaded, and the strips are sparse because of picking fatigue. To make a metaphor, the people are miserable, so they are bitter. Therefore, the poet mourned the people's suffering, called to heaven and said, "I would rather be proud of him." For heaven's sake, why don't you have pity on my people! Poetic seriousness is the theme of the whole poem.
From chapter two to chapter four, the root of the disaster is that people have no place to live. "There are four kinds of horses and animals, which are slightly different." It means that the people are suffering from conscription, so when they see the royal chariots and horses with flags, they say bitterly, "If there is no chaos, the country will not die." When people are in trouble, it never rains but it pours. "This means that if the chaos is not calmed down, this country will perish. There are fewer people with dark hair now, just like many people turned to ashes after a fire. The country is people-oriented, the people are deep and the country is in danger. In this case, the poet even shouted: "There is sorrow in it, and the country is in step!" "National step" refers to national luck, "frequency" and danger. Sighing that the national luck is in danger, it will not last long, and it will lead to a disaster of peril. The third chapter laments that the people are living in poverty, the sky doesn't help me, the people have no place to live, and they don't know where to go, which causes the gentleman to think deeply. A gentleman wants nothing but power and profit, but when he thinks about the future of the country, he can't help but sigh who is the real curse or the people's disease. The fourth chapter regrets "I am not born, I am angry every day." "I'm not born" means I was born at a bad time, and "I'm angry" means I'm angry. The poet's words are like this, showing the depth of inner anxiety. From the people's point of view, he feels that people want to live in peace, but from west to east, there is no place to live. The people miss the former residence of their homeland, and the former residence of their homeland cannot be spared because of endless conscription. People are not only attacked by various disasters, but also worried about foreign invasion, so it is urgent to resist aggression. God is angry with the people, and the king has no sympathy for the people and doesn't want to change the politics of the country. Therefore, the poet is worried, and he cannot but be deeply worried about the king's consciousness. In these four chapters, we can see the harm of tyranny to the people.
Chapters five to eight are the poet's representations to the country, and then his advice. The first two sentences in Chapter 5, "For planning's sake, we will cut down chaos", mean that if we think carefully and act prudently, we can cut down the disaster. Follow the saying, "Tell me you are worried about your shirt and teach me the order"; He warned the king in the tone of an old minister that he must be concerned about state affairs, carefully seal officials, and choose talents and appoint people. The urgency of saving the country is like saving heating. To save the heat, you need cold water, just like to save the nation and survive, you must appoint talented people. The poet used the words "who can withstand the heat and die without enthusiasm" to earnestly warn and state the interests, which can be described as earnest and sincere, and the metaphor is also very accurate. From the point of view of loving the people, the six chapters and seven sections show that the people are very kind. They farm hard and support those who rely on farming to "help the people to replace food" ("help the people to replace food" means that the government lets the people work and support themselves with their own income). Therefore, it is the first important thing for the government to show sympathy and care for the people. The sixth chapter, "Going against the wind, also seeing a hole", refers to the king's unpopularity, and the people feel suffocated and depressed. Although the people are enterprising, it is inevitable that they will find it difficult to be effective because of excessive conscription and deprivation. Chapter VII: There are frequent disasters from the sky, and the rulers only know how to collect money, but they don't care about the people's serious disaster relief. Because of the political chaos, the people feel great pain. In the poem, the poet warned the king in the voice of the people. One said: if people complain, the sky will be angry, and chaos will destroy my king; Moreover, it is said that as soon as this pest falls, crops will be harmed by pests, and natural disasters are just a punishment from heaven. Then he said, "Losing power and humiliating the country, wasting lives", which means that he felt the suffering of the people's disasters, and the repaired land was affected and deserted, while the rulers were at a loss and did not lead the people Qi Xin to cooperate in disaster relief, so he could not feel the pain of God to alleviate the disaster.
In the eighth chapter of the poem, from the perspective of employing people, there are reasonable and unreasonable people, and there are suitable and inappropriate people. A wise monarch knows how to govern, and he can seriously consider choosing his assistant. Irrational kings, on the other hand, are self-righteous and regard villains as good, thus confusing the people and making them crazy.
The above eight chapters are the first half and the main part of the poem. It is always said that the national disaster is caused by Li Wang's tyrannical wealth, his lack of sympathy for the people's feelings, his inability to use sages and his ignorance of coachable, so that people's resentment boils, and the poet has the sorrow of "Who gave birth to Li Jie is still a stalk".
In the last eight chapters, I blame my fellow rulers for not regulating themselves with good deeds, lacking foresight, and only knowing how to please the king, which accelerated the country's peril and aroused people's resentment. The poet thought it was the villain who gained power and Li Wang's fault, so he wrote this poem, hoping to take a warning.
Chapter 9 begins with two sentences: "Look at the forest, look at the deer". Deer are things. They like to live in groups. They are good to each other. "I love you" means the same as "I love you" Now my colleagues and friends are not as good as deer in the forest. Therefore, the poet has the regret that "there is no wise monarch in the world, but there are bad customs in the world" (Zhu Shizhuan) and the sigh of "being in a dilemma". (Press: "The Dilemma", there are two explanations for "Valley". Mao Chuan said, "The valley is also poor." Follow it today. In the Spring and Autumn Annals of Yanzi, uncle asked Yanzi a passage and quoted the poem "Dilemma", saying "Dilemma, everything is fine", and training valley is "valley"; Valley and goodness are different from Mao's theory, which is recorded for reference. )
In contrast, chapters 10 and 1 1 accuse the rulers of lack of foresight. They flatter others and are complacent. They are jealous, can speak without saying, and look back again and again, so the sages retreat, make bad progress, poison the people, and cause confusion. The poet pointed out that if the ruler is a wise man, he can look at the problem from a far-sighted perspective. If the ruler is a fool, they are short-sighted, perverse, do bad things, but arrogant and happy. This is the cause of the disaster. The poet added, "If you are a lover, please help. Wei don't care. " Explain that sages do not seek fame and fortune, but those who are corrupt, but seek profit in many ways and only seek fame and fortune; The state affairs are like this, but the king doesn't pay attention to them, and the people can't bear to poison them, which leads to disasters.
Chapters 12 and 13 begin with "Tunnel in Strong Wind". First, it is said that there must be tunnels in strong winds; A gentleman's trip to a villain has its own way. Popular in empty valleys, gentlemen do good, villains are unreasonable, and they walk in dirt. Second, the windy journey has its own tunnel; If you are greedy, you will fail. The fact of taxation is nothing or cool. King Gary, at this time, respected the public with greedy people and respected the public with good patents, which Li Wang was very satisfied with. Ray Fu Liang refused to listen, but he was jealous. Therefore, there is a saying in the poem that "it is reasonable to listen to what is said, but it is drunk to talk behind your back, and the bandits use their goodness to give me a paradox". It can be seen that Li Wang listened to flattery and agreed, but turned a deaf ear to advice when it was most unpleasant. The person who gives advice is not a good person, but a madman, and the country cannot but be in danger.
Chapter 14 laments that colleagues and friends, patent wealth, abuse the people for politics, do not repent, but threaten the loyal poet, so the poet warns again. The poet said, "Well, my friend, if you don't know, you will know when you fly." Well, you colleagues, don't I know what you have done? You do great harm to the country, just like those birds, sometimes you will be caught, and you will not come to a good end if the country is in turmoil and danger. The poet's warning is so eloquent. It's a pity that this generation of little people are indifferent, so at the end of this chapter, the poet ends with "I'm a prostitute, but I'm coming hehe" and warns these people again: I'm familiar with your background, so don't threaten me again.
In Chapter 15, after complaining about the misdeeds of the ruling civil servants in Chapters 9 to 14, the poet became more convinced that the reason why Chen Min provoked the riots was actually the fault of the rulers, who were greedy for money and pursued tyranny, which led to boiling public grievances, homeless people and nowhere to tell their sufferings. In this case, they naturally resented the government and went astray. The poem in this chapter says: "People are extremely useless, but jobs are cool and good." It is pointed out that the people lose the standard of right and wrong because the rulers of the government violate the truth by pursuing tyranny. "People will fight back and the job competition will be fierce." It is pointed out that the people are deviant because the rulers of the government value strength over glory. Not only that, the poem also points out that rulers do things that are unfavorable to the people for fear that they will not win (meaning extremely cruel). The condemnation is extremely serious. The poet's passion for the country and the people and his deep sympathy for the people can be seen here. The interpretation of this chapter in the Biography of Poetry is appropriate: "Those who say that people are greedy and not stop, take this as a matter of direct back, which is not conducive to the people. If they are afraid, they can do this. " It is also said that the people are evil and eccentric, and this generation is conscientious, but it is also (the poet) who repeatedly hates it. "Biography" refers to this generation, that is, it helps Li Wang to honor Gong Yi and so on. It is a good example that the villain is in power and accelerates the country's crisis.
Before the end of this chapter, Yan Min was unstable, because the rulers plundered them through bandits, so they also had to become thieves. It's a bandit trip, and people's hearts can't be stable. The poet also said, "I can't be cool, but I can't be good." Although I tried to persuade you, you didn't accept me, but cursed me behind my back. Finally, it comes down to the reason for writing poetry: "Although it was given by bandits, it was a song." Although you denigrate me, I wrote this song for you to promote your understanding.
It is of typical significance to look at historical facts and evaluate this poem. Greedy for profit, he hired traitors such as Rong and others, turned a blind eye to the sufferings of the people, and gave advice when most needed is least heeded, which led to his peril. This historical fact was cited as a warning by later generations. As a poem reflecting the current situation, Rui Fu Liang hopes that Li and his officials will realize it, which can be described as a painstaking effort. It's a pity that Li Wang didn't abide by it, and was eventually provoked into a rebellion and exiled to China. So this poem was of great significance at that time and had a far-reaching impact on later generations. The people still have water, and the country still has boats. Water can carry boats and overturn them. It can be seen that the generation that wins the hearts of the people will inevitably prosper; If you lose people's hearts, you will inevitably perish. Same as before. Reading the poem Sang Rou is enough to make us think deeply.
Judging from the language of the poem, the language of the whole poem is concise and changeable, expressing one's own ideas directly, leaving profound meaning without carving. Many of these terms are still quoted today and still have vitality. For example, "it is better to look up at me than to look up at the sky." "There is no mourning in troubled times, and the society is not mourning." This sad word also. "Who gave birth to Li Jie is still a stalk", which is also a cynical remark. "Who can withstand the heat and not die" is also a good metaphor. "People also have words, and they are in a dilemma", which is also the word of life. The archaic words, although in the Western Zhou Dynasty, have not yet developed to a perfect level, so interchangeable words are often used in poems to meet the needs of ideographic expression. Some words, even if they have different interpretations, are difficult to have definite meanings. However, according to the theme of the poem, if you think carefully, you can still get a logical and reasonable explanation, because the words are gradually developed. From the poem, you can see that the poet has a high degree of ability to control words.
From the point of expression, this long poem uses various techniques such as metaphor, metonymy, metaphor, backchat, setting off, exaggeration, contrast, inverse proportion and exclamation. The composition is complete, the theme is prominent, and the priorities are clear. In ancient poetry, it is a rare masterpiece.