in terms of microelectronics technology, its development has been following Moore's law for decades, that is, the integration has doubled every 18 months on average, the size has been reduced by 1 times in 3 years, and the performance has been improved by 1, times. Because the technical limit of CMOS (metal oxide semiconductor) has been continuously broken through, Moore's Law will continue to play a role in the foreseeable ten years. China's economy has developed rapidly for a long time, making China the second largest integrated circuit (IC) market in the world. However, at present, the self-sufficiency rate in the domestic market is less than 25%, especially in the computer central processing unit (CPU) which represents the level of IC, and the domestic technical gap is even greater. In recent years, China's microelectronics has made breakthroughs in key technologies, and successfully developed 863 CPU such as Zhongzhi and Godson. Fortunately, taking the 64-bit general-purpose high-performance CPU as a representative and Goodson as an example, the performance of Goodson-2 has obviously surpassed PII and Goodson-2E is equivalent to P4 at the same main frequency, but it still lags behind the international advanced level for several years in the core technology of independent property rights. At present, microelectronics technology has entered the era of nano-scale and System-on-Chip, and CPU clock has entered GHz. China has a strong ability to design the whole system, and the arrival of SOC era is an opportunity for China's IC industry to leapfrog development.
China has also made a breakthrough in optoelectronic technology, and independently proposed and realized 4Gb/sDFB+EA (distributed feedback laser with charged absorption) and SOA+EA (semiconductor optical amplifier with charged absorption) which are superior to other existing structures. The internationally leading tunable long wavelength detectors have been developed, including Si-based and GaAs-based vertical cavity RCE(*** cavity enhanced) and OMITMiC (one mirror tilted three mirror cavity) detectors for WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) optical fiber communication systems. In terms of all-solid-state laser technology, China has successfully developed a deep ultraviolet sextuple all-solid-state laser and a wide-tuned all-solid-state laser with independent intellectual property rights for the first time in the world.
Computer model/simulation, theoretical research and experiment are the three pillars of analyzing complex systems, and high-performance computing is paid more and more attention. There are four major trends in its technical development, namely, a large number of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technologies are adopted and customized technologies are developed at the same time, and high-performance computers and grid computing exist, from "high performance" to "high performance" and from high-performance computing (HPC) to high-performance service (HPS). At present, what represents the international level is the "blue gene", a large-scale parallel machine with 367 trillion times per second developed by IBM in 25. In recent years, China has made good achievements in the development of high-end computers, and famous products such as Shenwei, Yinhe, Shuguang and Shenteng have appeared. Among the TOP5 supercomputers in the world, Dawning 4A ranked 1th in 24, and China became the third country to manufacture and apply 1 trillion secondary commercial high-performance computers after the United States and Japan.
with the development of computer, software has become more and more complex. If the software has 1, lines of code in 1971 and 7 million lines in 21, the high credibility of software has become the key and focus of software system development and operation in the new environment. In 22, the global software industry was US$ 7 billion, with China accounting for only 1.91%. Among the system software in China market, foreign brands accounted for 95.3%. At present, this situation has changed. Chinese processing software keeps leading in the world. We have developed our own server operating system and realized the basic functions of desktop Linux operating system. Domestic Office software products have made progress, but the development and transplantation of application software are insufficient. In the future, the push of e-government and open source code will bring unprecedented opportunities for software development in China.
the internet has moved from data services to real-time services such as telephone. faced with the challenges of quality of service (QOS), scalability and security, the traditional telecommunication network is also under pressure from broadband services, and network technology is on the eve of replacement. In recent years, the Next Generation Internet (NGI) and the Next Generation Network (NGN) have become the hot spots of network development. China has also carried out research and experiments on NGI and NGN, the most important of which is the CNGI project (China's Next Generation Internet Demonstration Project), which has built the largest IPv6 trial network in the world. Different from NGI experiments abroad, due to the active participation of Chinese telecom operators, CN-GI attaches importance to the research of systems and technologies supporting QOS. Care about the support of wireless and mobile services; Focus on the controllability of network and business with the goal of commercial application. For the first time in the world, the CNGI project proposes to encourage research and experiments aimed at promoting the coordination between NGI and NGN in the direction of technical development, and to develop network software, hardware and applications that support NGI and may develop to NGN. CNGI is exploring the road of integration between NGI and NGN.
with the development of society and economy and the increasing dependence of people's lives on the internet, the importance and urgency of information security are becoming increasingly prominent, and technologies such as cryptographic theory, cryptographic algorithms, security protocols, network security and information hiding are developing rapidly. Our experts have made some innovative achievements in these areas. For example, the spectrum characteristics of related immune Boolean functions called "Shaw -Massey Theorem" by international peers. Another example is the binary pseudo-random sequence derived from the ring, which reveals the cryptographic properties of a new class of nonlinear resources in cryptographic design. Chinese scholars put forward a new method to analyze Hash function-bit tracking method, which has had a great influence in the world. In the domestic e-government market, domestic PKI system has occupied the mainstream.
China has the largest mobile communication network in the world, and its current penetration rate is only the world average, so there is still a lot of room for development. However, the key technologies of existing mobile communication devices and terminals used on the Internet basically depend on foreign countries. The arrival of the third generation mobile communication (3G) era provides us with a rare opportunity. TD-WCDMA (Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access), which was proposed by China and adopted by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the 3G standardization organization 3GPP, has become one of the three major international 3G standards. It adopts time division duplex (TDD) mode and smart antenna technology with independent intellectual property rights. At present, the ongoing scale application technology tests have shown that its spectrum efficiency is better than that of frequency division duplex (FDMA).
the popularization and application of the internet and mobile communication have promoted the development of wireless technology, from WLAN to WMAN, and one of the issues worthy of attention in WLAN/WMAN application is authentication and security. The WAPI (wireless local area network authentication and security infrastructure) standard proposed by China has solved this problem well, and its performance is better than the 82.11i international standard. In addition, China's proposed SCDMA technology is ahead of other wireless access technologies because of its excellent performance-price ratio, and it has become the first choice for rural "village-to-village project" in China.
in the new century, the digitalization of radio and television is on the rise, and the digitalization of cable TV, satellite TV and terrestrial radio and television is developing rapidly. Another development trend of cable digital TV is IPTV using IP technology, and the new application field of digital TV terrestrial radio and television technology is mobile TV. China's digital TV terrestrial radio broadcasting system technology was studied earlier, and many schemes were put forward. Among them, the time-domain synchronous frequency-domain processing technology of pseudo-random sequence (PN) constituted the basic invention patent, and the realized performance was better than that of the system implemented according to the three existing international standards of ITU. There are gratifying innovations not only in channel processing technology but also in source coding technology in China. China has issued the AVS audio and video coding standard. Its compression efficiency is equivalent to that of the international standard MPEG-4/AVC, but its complexity is low. Some technologies of AVS have been absorbed into the corresponding international standard.
in the application of information technology, China has won the international university award and enterprise award in the popularization of CIMS (computer integrated manufacturing system) technology, and the agricultural informatization demonstration system and its application have won the United nations award. China has developed "EPA System Structure and Communication Specification for Measurement and Control System", which has been included in the international standard, indicating that China has an internationally recognized core technology in the field of industrial automation fieldbus. The application of information technology in industry can penetrate into every link from equipment control, process management, manufacturing to enterprise resource optimization and decision support, which has great development and application space. In this respect, Angang is a good example of applying information technology to transform old enterprises and improve market competitiveness.
as an important symbol of modern scientific and technological revolution, the development of information technology is in the ascendant, and it is permeating all aspects of society, economy and people's lives. Information technology has become an important means of a new round of competition, and informatization is also a rare opportunity for China. We should face up to the gap between information science and technology, increase the intensity of independent innovation, vigorously develop the information industry and attach importance to promoting the application of information technology in the industry, so as to further improve China's international competitiveness.