1. 1 How to write an abstract in Chinese and English?
The original research should be accompanied by Chinese and English abstracts with the same meaning, within 250 words. It should be reportable, can be written independently, and can be used for secondary literature retrieval in the database. Requirements should include the purpose (including background), methods (including materials), results (including main data) and conclusions. When writing an English abstract, don't throw away the main points just because some contents are not easy to translate.
2) The abstract should be as short as possible, as concise as possible, without missing the theme concept.
3) The contents in the abstract should appear in the text, and the abstract cannot supplement or modify the original text.
4) The abbreviation of the abstract should have the full name when it first appears. The sentences in the abstract should be as short as possible. The subject and predicate should match.
5) The author of the article is the best person to write an abstract: with the subdivision of disciplines and majors, it is impossible for editors to understand each major and modify the elaboration of professional knowledge in the abstract, which requires the author to master the essentials of writing an abstract and write it by himself.
1.2 Style of English Abstract
In addition to observing grammatical rules and ensuring smooth sentences, English abstracts should also pay attention to the following points in order to be concise:
1) Try to use short sentences and avoid monotonous sentence patterns.
2) Describe the author's work and research methods in the past tense, and describe the author's conclusion in the present tense.
3) If you can use nouns as attributes, don't use gerunds as attributes; if you can use adjectives as attributes, don't use nouns as attributes. For example, use measurement accuracy instead of measurement accuracy.
4) If you can directly use nouns or noun phrases as attributes, you should use less of sentence patterns. For example, replace the structure of equipment with the structure of equipment.
5) When verbs are available, try to avoid using noun forms of verbs. For example, instead of measuring the thickness of the plastic sheet, the thickness of the plastic sheet is measured.
6) Pay attention to the usage of articles, and don't misuse, abuse or omit articles casually.
7) Avoid using a long list of adjectives or nouns to modify nouns. You can divide these words into several prepositional phrases and connect the noun groups with hyphens as unit adjectives (an adjective).
8) Try to use the active voice instead of the passive voice. Try to use short, clear and well-known words.
9) The words should be plain and unpretentious, and there is no need for colorful and polymorphic literary descriptions. Organize sentences so that verbs are as close to the subject as possible.
10) Abstract words can be spelled in English and American ways, but they must be consistent in every article.
2. Author and author unit
2. 1 provides complete corresponding Chinese and English controls.
We should ensure that the names, units and serial numbers, cities and postal codes, e-mail addresses (unnecessary) and titles of all authors appearing in Chinese abstracts are reflected in English.
2.2 Clear the positioning of surname and first name
When the author is a foreigner or foreigner (especially from the Middle East, Japan and North Korea), it is best to use all capitalized surnames to represent surnames, and the first letter to represent names. Or according to Chinese names, make the names of the whole question in the same order to avoid possible confusion and misunderstanding.
2.3 Complete translation of unit name
The author unit is not only an important way to communicate with the author, but also a necessary reference to ensure that the author's qualification is recognized. Therefore, unless it is really confidential or a world-renowned enterprise or institution, please do not use a complete abbreviation or an abbreviation consisting of several capital letters in the name of the institution. At the same time, in view of the different abbreviations of some words, please don't abbreviate individual words to reduce the possibility of mistakes.
3. Keywords
1) Try to use nouns or noun phrases as keywords and avoid using adjectives or adjective phrases as keywords.
2) Chinese and English keywords should correspond.
4. China Library Classification Number
It should be marked according to the new version of China Library Classification. You can choose 1 ~ 3, with the main classification number in front and a semicolon in the middle. different
5. Document identification code
Each commodity 1 code. A- Academic papers on theoretical and applied research (including reviews); B- report on actual technical achievements; C- articles on business guidance and technical management; D dynamic information (communication, reports, meetings, interviews, etc.). ); Electronic documents and materials (including historical data, statistical data, institutions, people, knowledge introduction, etc.). ).
6. Text?
The hierarchical system has 1 ~ 3 layers, the first layer is numbered consecutively by chinese numerals 1, 2,3, and the first-level title is represented by 1. 1, 1.2, 1.3 ... ....
7. Results
The data obtained from the research should be truly and accurately expressed in logical order, which can be expressed in words, figures or tables, but the three cannot be repeated, and all data should be statistically processed. Do not quote other people's information, do not discuss, only emphasize or summarize important observations.
8. Reference
Literature citation should follow the principle of "newest, key, necessary and pro-reading"; They should be cited in order in the text (the serial numbers of all references should be arranged in the order mentioned in the text, and all references should be mentioned in the text); Generally, only the officially published literature is quoted; For documents with multiple authors, only the first three authors should be recorded, starting from the fourth position, and so on. Or "etc" should be used instead; Identify different reference types according to GB 3469.
The description format and examples of references are as follows:
1) monograph description format: [serial number] author, title [m]. Version, place of publication: publisher, year of publication: page number.
Example: Liu Moumou, Lv Zhiyong, Qiu, et al. Striped wing and vortex separated flow [M]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Press, 1988: 24-27.
Note: The first edition of this book is not marked, and the page number is optional.
2) Journal description format: [serial number] author. Title [J] Publication name, year, volume (issue): page number.
For example: Fu Huimin. Integral inference method of binomial distribution parameters [J]. Journal of Aeronautics, 2000,21(2):155-158.
Note: The titles of foreign periodicals can be abbreviated; Please indicate the year, volume, issue and page of the article, and don't leave it out.
3) Description format of dissertation: [serial number] author. Title [D] Location: unit, year.
For example: Zhu Gang. New fluid finite element method and forward and backward mixing of turbomachinery [D] Beijing: Tsinghua University, 1996.
4) Description format of lawsuit/lawsuit: [serial number] Principal. Title [c]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.
For example: Xin Ximeng. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Information Technology and Information Services: Set A [C]// Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 1994.
5) Document description format separated from paper collection: [serial number] author, title [C]// editor, collection name, place of publication: publishing house, year of publication: page number.
Example:, Li,,. Experimental Study on Hypersonic Flow around Double Ellipsoids [C]// Beijing Institute of Aerodynamics. Proceedings of the ninth hypersonic aerodynamics conference. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Aerodynamics, 1997: 9- 14.
6) Description format of scientific and technological report: [serial number] author, title [r], report title and serial number, publishing place: publishing unit, and year of publication.
For example: Kong Xiangfu. FD-09 wind tunnel with floor [R]. Technical Report BG7-270 of Beijing Aerodynamics Research Institute, Beijing: Beijing Aerodynamics Research Institute, 1989.
7) Description format of international and national standards and industry specifications: [serial number] standard number, standard name [s]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.
For example: MIL-5007 D, General Specification for Aero-turbojet and Turbofan Engines [S]. United States air force, 1973.
8) Patent description format: [serial number] Designer. Patent name [p]. Patent country: patent number, date of announcement.
For example: Li Zhihua, Li Zhijun. Feedback sound canceller. China patents: ZL85 100748, 1986-09-24.
9) Description format of other undefined file types: [serial number] Principal. Document title [z]. Place of publication: publisher, year of publication.