(A) Tianjin's sustained and rapid industrial development has become the leading force to promote the city's economic growth.
1, the total amount and benefit have reached a new level.
Since 1990s, Tianjin's industry has shown a trend of accelerated development. The city's total industrial output value 1993 exceeded 1000 billion yuan, five years later 1998 exceeded 200 billion yuan, and four years later it exceeded 300 billion yuan in 2002. Since then, it has reached a higher level every year, reaching 400 billion in 2003, 500 billion in 2004 and 600 billion in 2005. In 2006 and 2007, it crossed two steps, exceeding 800 billion yuan and 1 trillion yuan respectively (see table 1). While the total industrial output value exceeded one trillion yuan, the profits and taxes realized by industrial enterprises also exceeded one hundred billion yuan in 2007, bringing the total industrial output value and benefits to a new level.
2. Form a "wild goose" industrial layout with Binhai New Area as the leader and district and county industries as the backbone.
With the grafting, transformation and adjustment of Tianjin's industry and the implementation of the industrial strategy moving eastward, Tianjin's industrial layout has changed obviously, and Binhai New Area has become the largest industrial growth point in Tianjin. In 2007, Binhai New Area achieved nearly 60%(58.7%) of the city's total industrial output value, accounting for less than a quarter (24.4%) of the city's industries above designated size. Compared with 2000, the proportion of industry in Binhai New Area has increased by 1 1 percentage point. Just like the leading geese, the rapid development of Binhai New Area has promoted the industrial development of surrounding areas, especially other districts and counties outside the central city. In 2007, except Binhai New Area and the central city, the number of industrial enterprises above designated size in other counties accounted for 59.7% of the total number of industrial enterprises above designated size in the city, and the total industrial output value accounted for 29.4% of the city, accounting for nearly 30%, which gradually became an important force for Tianjin's industrial growth.
3. Establish an "arched" industrial structure with pillar industries as the skeleton.
In recent years, Tianjin industry has continuously strengthened the adjustment of industrial structure, and gradually established six dominant industries, including electronic information, automobile manufacturing, petrochemical industry, modern metallurgy, biotechnology and modern medicine, new energy and environmental protection. In 2007, the output value of these six leading industries accounted for 72.3% of the city's industry. Among the 36 industrial categories in the city, a number of pillar industries and backbone industries have been formed. Among them, the total industrial output value of communication equipment, computer and other electronic equipment manufacturing industry reached 21074 billion yuan in 2007, exceeding 200 billion yuan, and the added value reached 48.829 billion yuan, making it the largest industry in Tianjin. The ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry achieved an output value of 654.38+054.495 billion yuan, exceeding 654.38+05 billion yuan, with an added value of 506.5438+09 billion yuan, making it the second largest industry in Tianjin. The transportation equipment manufacturing industry achieved an output value of1051370,000 yuan, exceeding 1000 billion yuan and an added value of186.45 million yuan, making it the third largest industry. The oil and gas exploration industry has an output value of 70.797 billion yuan, exceeding 70 billion yuan and an added value of 46.249 billion yuan, making it the fourth largest industry. In 2007, the output value of these four industries accounted for 52.8% of all industries above designated size, and the added value accounted for 62%. At present, these four industries are the four pillar industries of the first industrial sector in Tianjin. In addition to these four pillar industries, the development of other industries in Tianjin has been accelerating in recent years, and the scale of output value has gradually increased, such as: electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing (output value of 58 1.88 billion yuan, added value of 973 1.00 billion yuan), chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing (output value of 58.339 billion yuan, Added value1.199.8 million yuan), general equipment manufacturing (output value 46198 million yuan), coking and nuclear fuel processing (output value 465.438+89.8 million yuan, added value 65.438+90.9 million yuan), electricity, heat and water. The added value is 65.438+90.9 billion yuan) and the metal products industry (the output value is 33.48 billion yuan and the added value is 5.88 billion yuan). In 2007, the output value of these six industries accounted for 80% of the city's industries. This 10 industry is like the skeleton of a crossbow, supporting the development of the city's industry and becoming the leading force driving the rapid growth of the city's industry.
4, gradually establish an enterprise organizational structure to meet the needs of the development of market economy.
Since 1990s, the pace of reform and reorganization of Tianjin's industrial enterprises has been accelerating, and an enterprise organizational structure adapted to the development of market economy has been gradually established. Joint-stock enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises, enterprises invested by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan businessmen and private enterprises are more suitable for the development of market economy. By 2007, among the industrial enterprises above designated size in the city, the proportion of joint-stock enterprises reached 43%, and the proportion of foreign-invested enterprises and commercial enterprises from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan reached 46%, accounting for nearly 90% of all industries. Private industrial enterprises have developed rapidly. In 2007, the total industrial output value of private economy reached108.08 billion yuan, which was 14.2 times higher than that of 2000, accounting for 10.7% of the above-scale industries in the city, which was 8 percentage points higher than that of 2000. State-owned enterprises occupy a large proportion in tobacco products industry, power and heat production and supply industry, oil and gas exploitation industry, petroleum processing and coking industry, nuclear fuel processing industry and other key fields and industries, while their proportion in the city's industry has dropped significantly. In 2007, the total output value of state-owned industries in Tianjin accounted for 8.5% of the city's industries, less than 10%, which was 5.3 percentage points lower than that in 2000. Small and medium-sized industrial enterprises have also developed rapidly. In 2007, the total output value of small and medium-sized industries above designated size in the city was 609.888 billion yuan, 4.4 times higher than that in 2000, with an average annual growth rate of 27.4%, accounting for 60.5% of the city's industries, which was 17.6 percentage points higher than that in 2000.
5. Some key products occupy an important position in China.
Some key products such as electronics, metallurgy and automobile manufacturing occupy a high market share in China. In 2007, Tianjin industry produced 97,787,700 mobile communication devices (mobile phones), accounting for 65.438+06.1%of the national total output; Natural crude oil19,242,800 tons, accounting for10.3% of the national total output; There are 454,300 automobiles, accounting for 9.2% of China's total output, 42.3% of optical communication equipment, 26. 1% of bicycles, 24.9% of welded steel pipes, 2 1.2% of mobile communication base station equipment, hot rolled narrow steel strip 15. 1%. The output of key products such as extra-thick plate, small and medium-sized steel, hot-rolled plate, thick steel plate, cold-rolled plate, large and medium-sized tractors, power generation equipment, household vacuum cleaners, sewing machines, air conditioners, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and sodium carbonate (soda ash) all account for more than 5% of the country.
(2) There is still a big gap between Tianjin's industrial development and the positioning requirements for building the northern economic center.
Although Tianjin's industry has achieved rapid development in recent years, which has made important contributions to Tianjin's sustained, stable and rapid economic growth, from a national perspective, Tianjin's industrial development is not fast enough, and there is still a big gap with General Secretary Hu Jintao's requirement that Tianjin should be "two in the forefront of the country and one in the forefront" and the central government's positioning requirement of building Tianjin into an economic center in northern China.
1, the total industrial scale of Tianjin ranks second in the country.
Although Tianjin's industry maintained a steady and rapid growth trend in 2007, the total amount is still small and the growth rate is not fast. In 2007, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size in Tianjin was 264.479 billion yuan, ranking 14 among 3 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China and the second in China. Shandong, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Shanghai, Liaoning, Hebei, Sichuan, Fujian and other 10 provinces and cities rank among the top 10 in the country in turn, with a total added value exceeding 300 billion yuan, ranking first in the country. In 2007, the growth rate of Tianjin's industrial added value was 0.3 percentage points lower than the national average growth rate (18.5%), which was significantly lower than that of provinces with similar economic aggregates, ranking 2 1 in the country, down two places compared with 2006, resulting in Tianjin's total industrial added value ranking falling three places compared with 2006 and being surpassed by Hubei, Shanxi and Hunan provinces. At present, the industrial added value of Inner Mongolia, Anhui and other provinces, which are lower than the total industrial added value of Tianjin, is growing rapidly, and it is likely to overtake Tianjin, which needs to be highly valued by relevant parties.
2. The industrial development potential of districts and counties has not been brought into full play.
On Tianjin's land of nearly 12000 square kilometers, the total industrial output value created in 2007 was 1000 billion yuan, with an average of less than 1000 billion yuan per square kilometer; The output value created on more than 6,000 square kilometers of land in Shanghai is 2.2 trillion yuan, with an average of more than 300 million yuan per square kilometer, more than twice that of Tianjin. At present, there are 18 administrative districts and counties in Tianjin, with an average total industrial output value exceeding 50 billion yuan. Only Tanggu District and Xiqing District have an output value exceeding 100 billion yuan, with an output value of 3038180,000 yuan and1853.43 million yuan respectively. Among the 19 administrative districts in Shanghai, including Pudong New Area, the average industrial output value of each district has reached more than10 billion yuan, which is twice the average level of each district and county in Tianjin. In 2007, the output value of six districts in Shanghai exceeded 1000 billion yuan, including 468.938 billion yuan in Pudong New Area, 344.096 billion yuan in Songjiang District, 302.068 billion yuan in Minhang District, 2654.38+032./kloc-0.50 billion yuan in Jiading District and 2075.5438+in Baoshan District. The land area of each district and county in Shanghai is roughly half that of each district and county in Tianjin, but the output value created is twice that of each district and county in Tianjin. It can be seen that the industrial development potential of various districts and counties in Tianjin has not been well played.
3. The competitiveness of the industry is not strong.
Although a number of pillar industries have been formed in Tianjin at present, their competitiveness is not strong enough and their proportion in the national market is not high. As the largest pillar industry in Tianjin, the manufacturing industry of communication equipment, computers and other electronic equipment accounts for 6.2% of the total industrial output value of the whole industry, far lower than that of Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Beijing and other regions. The two main pillar industries, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry and transportation equipment manufacturing industry, account for 4.6% and 3.9% of the country respectively, and their proportions are low, which is not enough to form industrial competitive advantages. On the other hand, from the perspective of Tianjin's industrial structure, the development is not balanced, and there are few pillar industries. Among the 36 industries in the city, 10 industries such as communication equipment, computer and other electronic equipment manufacturing, ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing, and transportation equipment manufacturing are mainly supported, accounting for 80% of the city's industries, and the output value of only three industries exceeds10 billion yuan. The other 26 industries account for 20% of the total industrial output value above designated size, and the output value of 20 industries such as clothing, shoes and hats manufacturing and cultural and sporting goods manufacturing is less than 654.38+0 billion yuan.
4. The "Made in Tianjin" effect has not been fully revealed.
After these years' rapid development, the total amount and benefit of Tianjin's industry have reached a new level, but the overall effect of "Made in Tianjin" has not yet appeared. There are fewer brand-name products made in Tianjin and fewer original products with independent intellectual property rights. In 2006, the proportion of famous brand products in Tianjin's industries above designated size was 14%, and the contribution rate to the city's industrial growth was 16%, which was still low. In the process of industrialization, a number of well-known manufacturing brands at home and abroad have been formed. During the rapid development of Japanese manufacturing industry in 1950s and 1960s, a large number of world-renowned manufacturing brands such as Mitsubishi, Sony and Hitachi gradually formed, and during the rise of South Korea in 1970s and 1980s, a number of manufacturing brands such as Samsung, Hyundai and Pohang also formed. Since the reform and opening up, the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Shandong Peninsula have also formed a number of manufacturing brands such as Gree Electric, Midea Electric Appliances, Haier, Aucma and Hisense. In addition to TPCO tubing, seagull watch and Tasly compound Danshen dripping pills, there are relatively few well-known brands made in Tianjin, which have little influence and have not formed the overall effect of "Made in Tianjin".
Second, several conditions for accelerating the industrial development in Tianjin
Industry is the basic industry to create material wealth and enhance comprehensive economic strength, and it is also the development foundation to change from underdeveloped stage to developed stage. How does the degree of industrialization determine the comprehensive economic strength of a region? According to the statistics in 2007, there are 9 regions with GDP exceeding one trillion, namely Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Henan, Hebei, Shanghai, Liaoning and Sichuan. Except for Shanghai and Sichuan, the proportion of secondary production in these nine regions is 47.3% and 43.7% respectively, which is less than 50%, and the proportion of secondary production in the other seven regions is above 50%. Judging from the development track of these nine regions, industry has played a vital role in the economic growth of these regions. To speed up the coordinated development of Tianjin's three levels of industry is to further tap the growth potential, build new development advantages, become the vanguard of national industrial growth, and provide a strong impetus for expanding Tianjin's comprehensive economic strength as soon as possible. To accelerate the industrial development in Tianjin, the following conditions are required:
(1) Industrial investment has increased substantially.
In the case that the technical level of different parts of the country is not much different, to achieve rapid industrial growth, we must first increase investment. Every year, a large number of high-end, high-quality and high-tech projects with relatively high industrial level and advanced technical level will be invested to ensure that the industrial investment intensity is higher than that of other regions and is at the leading level in the country. In 2007, Tianjin planned 40 major industrial projects with a total investment of 264.9 billion yuan, and all districts and counties in the city planned 145 major projects including industry.
However, judging from the development of the whole country, the total industrial investment in Tianjin is not large, and the growth rate is not fast enough, which is still far from the development and opening up of Binhai New Area. In 2007, Tianjin's investment in urban industrial fixed assets reached 93.844 billion yuan, up 35.9% over the previous year, ranking 24th among 3/kloc-0 provinces and cities in China and 4th in growth rate. In 2007, the industrial investment in Anhui and Henan provinces increased by more than 50%, and Jilin, Tibet, Hunan, Shaanxi, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Ningxia and Fujian provinces all increased by more than 40%. Shandong's total industrial investment exceeds 700 billion yuan, and Jiangsu, Henan, Zhejiang, Liaoning and Guangdong provinces exceed 300 billion yuan. Compared with the great opportunity of Binhai New Area's development and opening-up, compared with the requirements of the central government for Tianjin to build a northern economic center, Tianjin's industrial investment is far from enough, and more and better projects need to be planned. High-intensity investment, relying on Tianjin's own strength is far from enough. We should look outward, publicize the policy opportunities for the development and opening up of Tianjin Binhai New Area to the international and domestic markets, publicize the policy environment for the development of advanced manufacturing industries in Tianjin, attract large domestic and foreign enterprises and groups to invest in Tianjin, and set off a wave of investment in Binhai New Area and Tianjin at home and abroad.
(B) the comparative advantages of factors of production
Accelerating development means improving the development level of productive forces, which needs the guarantee of production factors. Factors of production include land, labor and capital. To maintain the sustained and rapid growth of industry, it is necessary to increase investment as the original driving force and make the factors of production have comparative advantages in the whole country.
Land is the basic condition for the economic and social development of central cities. In recent years, with the continuous development of central cities and the gradual improvement of urban functions, many cities in China have encountered the contradiction between shrinking development space and rising land costs to varying degrees, and Tianjin has also encountered the same problem. However, compared with Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other central cities, Tianjin has more room for development and lower land cost. In particular, there are a large number of saline-alkali wasteland in Tianjin Binhai New Area, and the development cost is much lower than that in central cities, which makes Tianjin's land input-output benefit have certain comparative advantages. Tianjin should pay special attention to make good use of the good opportunity of the national comprehensive reform pilot to settle in Tianjin Binhai New Area, actively innovate the land management system, continuously improve the efficiency of land use, and strive to create good conditions for Tianjin's sustained and rapid economic development.
From the perspective of labor cost, Tianjin has a certain comparative advantage because of its relatively low per capita labor remuneration, but the advantage is not obvious from the national perspective. On the other hand, the low level of per capita labor remuneration in Tianjin is at a disadvantage in attracting talents, which has a more obvious adverse impact on economic development. Economic development not only needs labor resources, but also needs to form talent advantages, and talents play a vital role in the economic and social development of a region. How to attract more talents is an urgent problem to be solved in the process of accelerating the development of Tianjin industry.
From the perspective of capital, sufficient capital is the guarantee for accelerating economic development. At the beginning of Shenzhen and Pudong's development and opening-up, there was a tendency for national funds to gather in these two regions. Since the development and opening up of Binhai New Area was incorporated into the national development plan, there are also signs that the capital flow will converge to Tianjin. In 2007, the contract value of direct foreign investment in Tianjin was115190,000 USD, an increase of 42% over the previous year. It actually reached $5.278 billion, up by 27.8%, up by 3 1.2 and 3.7 percentage points respectively over the previous year. The actual utilization of domestic capital exceeded 60 billion yuan, reaching 610.205 billion yuan, an increase of 4 1.7%, an increase of 1.4 percentage points over the previous year. But this is far from enough, and it is necessary to further increase the attractiveness of funds. Attracting capital flows depends on interests, and only a high return on investment profits can attract capital flows, which requires Tianjin to seize the favorable opportunity of Binhai New Area's development and opening up, accelerate comprehensive reforms including financial services and administrative management systems, further improve the investment environment, accelerate the transformation of government functions, and improve the efficiency of capital use.
(C) technological innovation advantages
To speed up the coordinated development of Tianjin's three levels of industry, we must put the promotion of technological innovation ability in a prominent position and form technological innovation advantages. In recent years, the technological innovation ability of industrial enterprises in Tianjin has been greatly improved. In 2007, among more than 6,000 industrial enterprises above designated size, there were 77/kloc-0 enterprises with scientific and technological activities, an increase of 3.5% over the previous year, accounting for 12% of the total number of industrial enterprises above designated size. There are 535 R & ampd enterprises, with an increase of 0.2%, accounting for 8.4%; 605 new product development enterprises, an increase of 3.8%, accounting for 9.5%; There are 3 18 enterprises with R&D institutions, with an increase of 1 1.2%, accounting for 5%, all of which have improved to varying degrees, but they are not enough to establish technological innovation advantages. On the contrary, compared with Beijing and Shanghai, there is still a big gap in Tianjin's scientific and technological innovation. R&, indicates the level of scientific and technological innovation in a region; D In 2007, Tianjin's capital accounted for 2.3% of GDP, which was 3.3 and 0.3 percentage points lower than that of Beijing and Shanghai respectively. At present, the technological innovation process in Tianjin is still dominated by technology introduction, supplemented by independent innovation. The development of high-tech industries mainly depends on the support of foreign-funded enterprises, and the technological innovation model with enterprises as the main body has not yet been formed.
Accelerating scientific and technological innovation is the key link to implement Scientific Outlook on Development and realize the central government's requirements for the positioning of advanced manufacturing base in Binhai New Area. We must take further effective measures to promote Tianjin's industrial technological innovation and form its comparative advantage as soon as possible. It is necessary to establish and improve the policy system to encourage enterprises to carry out technological innovation and optimize the innovation environment of enterprises; Actively build a major product research and development platform and promote enterprises to establish technology centers; It is necessary to establish a policy mechanism to promote enterprises to develop new products, encourage enterprises to actively apply for patents, and form the technological advantages of enterprise products. At the same time, we should continue to strengthen the implementation of brand-name strategy, cultivate a number of well-known enterprises as soon as possible, and make scientific and technological innovation and brand-name products play a greater economic benefit.
(D) institutional innovation advantages
Institutional innovation is an endogenous driving force to promote economic growth, and its role in promoting economic development has been paid more and more attention. In the "Notice on Accelerating the Development and Opening-up of Binhai New Area", the State Council explicitly requested that Binhai New Area should be turned into a comprehensive supporting reform experimental base, with the purpose of exploring the experience of promoting the economic development of the new area from the system aspect and providing conditions for further deepening the economic system reform. In the process of accelerating Tianjin's industrial development, we must make full use of the opportunity of the comprehensive reform experiment in Binhai New Area, take the continuous liberation and development of productive forces as the ultimate goal, further emancipate our minds, make bold attempts, and actively accelerate the reform of enterprise system, science and technology system, financial system, land management system and administrative management system. In particular, it is necessary to make a breakthrough in the innovation of enterprise system: First, focus on accelerating the innovation of enterprise organizational mechanism, promoting enterprise reform in the form of shareholding system, and strive to cultivate a number of modern enterprise groups with independent intellectual property rights, high management level, strong market competitiveness and high reputation, and become leading enterprises in the development of manufacturing industry. Second, make full use of policy advantages, actively develop the headquarters economy, and attract large domestic private enterprise groups and listed companies to develop and start businesses in Binhai New Area. Third, we should pay special attention to innovating the development mechanism of small and medium-sized enterprises, actively build a fund, technology and information service platform for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and cultivate a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises with good management level, high-tech products and strong market adaptability as soon as possible.
Third, deeply understand the new changes in the external environment of Tianjin's industrial development.
Since the reform and opening up, the rapid growth of Tianjin's industry has largely benefited from the opening up and the rapid development of foreign-funded enterprises. With the continuous improvement of China's socialist market economic system and the basic formation of China's all-round opening-up pattern, some conditions for Tianjin's industrial development have changed.
First of all, from the perspective of the international market, the pattern of world economic development has undergone profound changes. In recent years, the economies of the United States, the European Union, Japan and other developed countries and regions have declined to varying degrees, which has obviously weakened the pulling effect on world economic growth. However, the rapid economic development of some developing countries, such as China, India, Brazil and Russia, has changed the pattern of world economic growth, developed towards multipolarization and improved the imbalance of world trade. On the other hand, due to the falling exchange rate of the US dollar, the accelerated appreciation of RMB, and the rising labor cost in China, China's economic growth model of "processing trade as the main body" in the past is facing severe challenges. In recent two years, the shortage of migrant workers in Guangdong and other places, the flight of Korean small enterprises in Qingdao and other places, and the transfer of some multinational companies' investment and production lines in China to countries and regions with lower labor costs all show that the industrial development model based on processing trade can no longer meet the needs of the current economic situation. The extroversion of Tianjin's industrial development is relatively high, and processing trade accounts for a relatively large proportion. In recent years, the global inflation situation has intensified, and the prices of production materials, including crude oil, iron ore, copper and other major raw materials, have hit record highs, and the consumption prices of food and edible oil in major countries and regions have been rising. Facing the new changes in the world economy and international trade, Tianjin industry must speed up the transformation of its development model with processing trade as the main body, continue to actively explore emerging international markets by improving its independent innovation capability, and strive to diversify its export market.
Secondly, from the domestic situation, 2008 is the year of China's reform and opening up, and it is also the first year of comprehensively implementing the spirit of the 17th CPC National Congress and building a well-off society in an all-round way. China's opening to the outside world has expanded from the southeast coast in the early days of reform and opening up to the outside world, forming an all-round opening pattern. The industrial structure has also begun to shift from the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Bohai Rim in the east to the central and western regions such as Northeast China, Central Plains, Northwest China and Southwest China. The economic development in the central and western regions has obviously accelerated. In 2007, before the growth rate of industrial added value above designated size 10 was all in the central and western regions. The gap between regions is narrowing, and regional economic development is more coordinated. On the other hand, the role of investment, consumption and other domestic demand has been continuously enhanced, and it has become the leading force driving China's economic growth. In recent years, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council have been adopting sound macroeconomic policies to continuously expand domestic demand. Investment demand maintained a rapid growth momentum, and consumer demand improved significantly. 2008 is the first year of the change of leadership at all levels after the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Although the cost of enterprises has increased significantly, the return on investment is still high, and enterprises are willing to invest. According to the statistical bulletin of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2007, there were 23 1 894 new urban investment projects nationwide, an increase of 2793 1 project over the previous year. The planned total investment of new urban investment projects is 8,625.8 billion yuan, an increase of 28.7%. In recent years, after the country has adopted many policies and measures to improve people's livelihood, the consumption tendency of urban residents has obviously increased. At the same time, with the increase of farmers' income and the improvement of rural market, rural consumption shows an expanding trend, and consumer demand is expected to exceed investment and become the leading force to promote economic growth.