The tank is equipped with a 120mm smoothbore gun developed by Rheinmetall Company, with a barrel length of 5.3m, made of electroslag remelted steel, and equipped with a heating jacket and an air extraction device. The designed bore pressure is 7 10m Pa and the actual bore pressure is 500m Pa (5500kg f/cm2). The barrel is manufactured by self-tightening technology, and the surface of the inner bore is chrome-plated and hardened, which improves the fatigue strength, wear life and corrosion resistance of the barrel. The barrel life is 650 rounds (standard kinetic energy bomb).
The weight of the whole gun system with shield is 4290 kg, without shield is 3 100 kg (including barrel, hot sheath, pumping device and bolt), and the weight of barrel is 13 15kg. The maximum recoil distance is 370mm, and the general recoil distance is 340 mm.
Ammunition reserve
120mm smoothbore gun is equipped with two kinds of ammunition: tail stabilized armor-piercing projectile and multi-purpose armor-piercing projectile. There are 42 rounds in the car, of which 27 rounds are stored in the front of the car on the driver's left, and 15 rounds are stored in the rear cabin of the turret.
DM 13 armor-piercing projectile with stable tail is the main model of 120mm gun, which is composed of projectile, detachable stock and semi-combustible steel bottom shell. The missile body consists of a sleeve, a tail wing, a missile core and a towing device installed at the bottom of the missile body. The core diameter is 38mm, and the length-diameter ratio is 12: 1. The bullet core is a tungsten bullet core with a steel sleeve outside. The initial velocity of armor-piercing projectile is about 1650m /s, and the maximum effective range is 3500m m.
DM 12 multi-purpose armor-piercing projectile has dual functions of armor-piercing and killing. The initial velocity is 1 143 m/s, the missile is a tail-stabilized missile, and the short tail is extruded by aluminum alloy. After surface heat treatment, it can bear the bore pressure of more than 500 meters Pa. Adopt piezoelectric fuze; The ignition device was improved, the original single-hole primer was changed into porous primer, and a radial hole was opened around it, which shortened the ignition time from 22ms to 5 ms
The semi-combustible cartridge case is made of inert fiber, nitrocellulose, diphenylamine and resin, and contains propellant, primer and corrosion inhibitor lining. In order to prevent the ink cartridge from moisture and microbial erosion, the ink cartridge is coated with an oil film.
DM23 is the second generation of German armor-piercing projectile with stable tail, which was adopted in 1983. Its monolithic tungsten-nickel alloy core has a diameter of 32 mm and an aspect ratio of 14: 1.
DM33 projectile is the third generation armor-piercing projectile with stable tail, which has a larger aspect ratio, but it has not been put into production so far.
The ammunition of this tank is the same as that of American M 1A 1 tank.
secondary weapon
There are two kinds of auxiliary weapons. One is MG3A 1 7.62mm parallel machine gun of Rheinmetall Company, which is installed on the left side of 120mm gun, and the firing rate is 1200 rounds per minute. The other is the MG3A 1 7.62mm anti-aircraft machine gun installed on the ring bracket of the hand hatch cover, which is used for air defense, with high and low shooting range of-10 ~+75.
The tank carries 4754 7.62 mm machine guns, of which 2000 are stored in turrets. The fire control system is a comprehensive system composed of mechanical, optical, hydraulic and electronic components. Because of the image stabilization sight, the hydraulic servo system of the gun follows the sight. The integrated system is usually called the command ceremony fire control system. Because it is a light and stable sight and is equipped with a position and speed complex circuit, it has the advantages of easy stability and high shooting accuracy to moving targets.
The captain has a 1 round hatch cover that opens backwards and a periscope that can observe 360 degrees. There is a 1 PERI-R 17 stable main periscope in front of the hatch cover, with 2 times and 8 times magnification.
The gunner has 1 stable EMES 15 periscope with double magnification function, including laser rangefinder and thermal imaging device. The thermal imager installed on the EMES 15 sight can make the gun aim at and shoot the disguised target at night or in bad weather. The gunner also has 1 auxiliary FERO-Z 18 telescopic monocular night vision device with a magnification of 8 times. At night, the commander observes the battlefield with a thermal imaging sight, which is connected with the gunner's EMES 15 sight. The image of EMES 15 sight can be transmitted to the commander's PERI-R 17 sight, so that the commander can also see the same image as the gunner. In addition, the conductor can also control the RPP 1-8 detection system through the computer-controlled test bed, and automatically monitor the work of the fire control system. The mirror of gunner EMES 15 binocular stabilized three-in-one main sight is bidirectional, the magnification of daytime channel is 12×, and the field of view is 5.
The prototype tank uses the EMES 12 stereo and laser rangefinder made by Zeiss, and the production car uses the yttrium aluminum garnet laser rangefinder patented by Hughes Company of the United States, which is used in combination with the EMES 15 gunner's main sight. The maximum measuring distance of laser rangefinder is 9990 meters, and the accuracy is 10 meter. The data of the measured distance, fire preparation and the selected bomb type are displayed in the lower part of the gunner's line of sight. The fire control computer was developed from the FLER-H hybrid computer of AEG- Teller Fincken Company to a digital electronic computer installed on the fifth batch of Leopard 2 tanks. The computer can calculate the aiming angle and lateral advancing angle of the gun, and the parameters involved include target distance, vehicle inclination, target moving direction, crosswind and trajectory data. After calculating these parameters, the fire control computer sends control information to the weapon servo system, and the weapon servo system aims the weapon at the sight line of gunner EMES 15 or captain PERI-R 17.
The gunner also has a 1 observation periscope installed on the top of the turret, and the loader has a 1 monocular observation periscope. engine
The tank is equipped with MB873Ka-50 1 engine developed by MTU Company. It is a four-stroke 12-cylinder V-type 90-angle water-cooled pre-combustion chamber supercharged intercooled diesel engine with a power of1103 kW (1500 HP) at 2600 rpm.
The engine has the characteristics of high power per unit volume, good low-speed torque characteristics, good fuel economy and good startability. Compared with MB838 engine used in Leopard 1 tank, the average effective pressure is increased from 0.8 1MPa(8.3kgf/cm2) to1.07 MPa (10.9 kgf/cm2), and the displacement is increased from 37? 4L increased to 47? 6L, the rotating speed is increased from 2200r/min to 2600r/min, so the power is increased from 6 100 kW (830 HP) to103 kW (1500 HP), an increase of 87%. On the other hand, by reducing the size of intake pipe, fuel injection pump and cylinder head, and improving the oil pan and other components, the structural size of the engine is more compact. The unit volume power of the engine is increased from 388kW /m3 (528kW /m3) of MB838 to 543kW/m3 (738kW/m3), and the specific gravity is reduced from 3. 1kg/m3 (2.3kg/ hp) to 2.04kg/kw (1.5kg/). Therefore, the acceleration performance of Leopard 2 tank is very good, and it only takes 7 seconds to accelerate from zero to 32 km/h, but the cooling system consumption of annular radiator is 162 kW (220 HP), which is higher than other tanks.
According to the exchange rate of 1979, the unit price of this engine is 17 10000 mark, accounting for 20% of the total price of "Leopard" 2 tank.
gearing
The tank adopts HSWL 345 hydraulic mechanical transmission device developed by Renke Company, which is one of the technical achievements of MBT-70 tank jointly developed by Germany and the United States.
The transmission device consists of hydraulic torque converter, reversing gear, planetary transmission mechanism, hydraulic-hydraulic steering gear, hydraulic brake and confluence planetary row.
The hydraulic torque converter is a two-stage turbine integrated torque converter with a maximum torque variation coefficient of 2? 5, can automatically close the bolt.
The reversing mechanism consists of three bevel gears, two planetary rows and two brakes, and the driver controls the vehicle to move forward or backward.
The planetary transmission mechanism consists of three planetary rows, three brakes and 1 disc clutch. With the reverse gear mechanism, four forward gears and four reverse gears can be obtained, but only two reverse gears are used.
The steering device is a hydraulic-hydraulic composite double-flow differential regeneration mechanism. The function of hydraulic coupling is to increase the steering torque on the zero axis, and the hydraulic steering mechanism realizes stepless adjustment of each steering radius. When in neutral, all the power of the starter is transmitted through the hydraulic-hydraulic steering mechanism to realize in-situ steering.
The maximum power absorption capacity of the hydraulic brake is 5147 kw (7,000 HP), and together with the mechanical brake, it constitutes the braking system of Leopard 2 tank, with the maximum braking torque of 24.5 kn m (2,500 kg f m), which can stop the 55t Leopard 2 tank from the driving state of 65km/h within 3.6s s. ..
Excellent transmission systems are also quite expensive. According to the currency value of 1980, the price of HSWL 345 transmission system is11ten thousand marks, which is equivalent to 12% of the total price of Leopard 2 tank.
Mobile device
The tank is suspended by torsion bar, and there are 7 load wheels, 4 idler wheels, 1 rear drive wheel, 1 front inducer wheel and 1 track adjuster on both sides of the car body. The suspension device includes 14 high-strength torsion bar, 10 friction damper and 10 hydraulic limiter. The dynamic travel of the load-bearing wheel is 350mm, and the static travel is176 mm.
New plate friction dampers are installed at the first, second, third, sixth and seventh load wheels, and the absorption capacity of 10 friction damper is 61kn m. Cylindrical hydraulic limiters are also installed at these load wheels, each weighing 1 1.5kg. When the load wheel moves upward at a speed of 2.94m/s, the total absorption function of 10 hydraulic limiter is 65438.
The tank adopts the 570A double-pin crawler developed by Deere Company, with the track plate width of 635mm and the pitch of183.5mm. The plate body is provided with replaceable rubber pads, and the pin ears are provided with rubber sleeves. The service life of the track is 6400 km, and the service life of the rubber pads is 1600 km. The track adjuster is mechanical.
cooling system
MB873Ka-50 1 engine is small in size and high in power. The reciprocating speed of the piston in the cylinder is as high as 15.2 m/s, which exceeds the upper limit of the piston speed of the general diesel engine. And HSWL354 hydraulic transmission/transmission system is also hot.
The cooling system of Leopard 2 tank is as compact and efficient as the engine. The cooling system adopts annular heat dissipation scheme, the heat exchanger is made of light alloy, and there are two huge centrifugal fans in the center. In order to ensure that the air can flow into the annular radiator evenly and reduce the pressure loss, a guide vane ring is also installed under the fan impeller. When the engine speed increases, the flow rate of cooling water increases and the impeller of the fan increases accordingly. The maximum temperature of cooling water can reach 1 10 degrees. When the external environment is 38 degrees, the engine can still run at full power.
The perfect cooling system allows the engine to run freely in any environment and at any temperature, but Leopard 2 has also paid a huge price. The whole cooling system needs to consume 220 horsepower out of 1500 horsepower output by the engine.
Armor protection: The design of the tank puts the survival strength of the crew at the top of the 20 requirements. The car body and turret are equipped with gap composite armor. The front end of the car body is pointed and a thick side skirt is added. There are three toolboxes at the front of both sides of the car body, which can play the role of skirts and improve the protection ability of the front arc area. The turret has a low profile and good elasticity. The problem of preventing secondary effect after being photographed is considered in the design. The ammunition to be fired is stored in the rear cabin of turret, and the ammunition is separated from the combat cabin by airtight partition. In the test in the early 1990s, A4 escaped the shooting of the East German T-72 at 1500m, but the T-72 was destroyed by the 105mm gun at 1500m (international outlook 20061). In March 2002 in Polish magazine, some people thought that this distant leopard was immune to armor-piercing bullets of 2 pairs 125. There is an article saying that the car was hit by a bullet 125 at 1500m, but the keyword "like cutting cream" is very similar to the sentence in the net post "Ask the expert about the relationship between T-64 T-72 and T-80". The tank adopts collective protective three-proof ventilation device, which is installed in the armor plate on the left side of the chassis, which is convenient to maintain and the air filter can be replaced from the outside.
Fire extinguishing system: No automatic fire extinguishing system was installed in the cabin of the first four batches of Leopard -2 tanks. 1985 Germany installed fire extinguishing and explosion suppression devices in the passenger compartment of the fifth batch of production Leopard -2 tanks produced by Graviner Company in Britain.
Smoke bomb: 1 group of smoke bomb launchers are installed at the two rear parts of the turret, with 8 launchers in each group.