Monopoly operation refers to three modes of operation: natural monopoly, economic monopoly and administrative monopoly.
1. Natural monopoly refers to industries with network operating characteristics, such as power grids, tap water, gas pipelines, telephones, etc. For these industries, the total cost of producing the entire industry's products by one manufacturer is lower than the total cost of producing by multiple manufacturers. Therefore, exclusive production is more efficient than multiple competitions and can more effectively provide consumers with cheap goods or services. .
2. Economic monopoly refers to the monopoly position achieved by operators relying on economic strength, patents and market management strategies. This kind of monopoly is the product of free competition and technological progress, so it can be recognized by society in most cases. As for economic monopoly, as long as it does not pose a threat to market fairness, all countries adopt a relatively tolerant attitude.
Especially in the context of economic globalization, the emergence and growth of multinational companies affect a country's competitiveness to a certain extent. It can be seen from the US government's attitude towards Microsoft's monopoly and bundled sales behavior case that the United States does not want to dismantle Microsoft because that is not in its national interest.
Extended information:
If operators can prove that the agreements reached are legally justified, these agreements are not prohibited by antitrust laws. The so-called legal legitimacy refers to exemptions that comply with legal provisions. According to the provisions of my country's Anti-Monopoly Law, the situations with statutory legitimacy include:
(1) To improve technology and research and develop new products.
(2) In order to improve product quality, reduce costs, and increase efficiency, unify product specifications and standards or implement specialized division of labor.
(3) In order to improve the operating efficiency of small and medium-sized operators and enhance the competitiveness of small and medium-sized operators.
(4) To achieve social public interests such as energy conservation, environmental protection, disaster relief, etc.
(5) Due to the economic downturn, in order to alleviate the serious decline in sales or obvious overproduction.
(6) To protect legitimate interests in foreign trade and foreign economic cooperation.
(7) Other circumstances specified by law and the State Council. In the above situations (1) to (5), operators should also prove that the agreement reached will not seriously restrict competition in the relevant market and enable consumers to share the resulting benefits, in order to meet the legal legitimacy requirements.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Monopolistic Behavior