Besides the stone reliefs buried in the soil, there are murals unearthed from ancient tombs of the Han Dynasty everywhere? Horses, monkeys and birds are three kinds of animals. People in the Han Dynasty were as obsessed with these three animals as people love giant pandas today. Horses, monkeys and finches can definitely be called the "auspicious three treasures" of the Han Dynasty.
Above _ Shooting birds and monkeys in Han Dynasty
Why were people in the Han Dynasty obsessed with these three animals? Is it the same as our original intention of loving giant pandas? Generally speaking, there are profound social reasons behind the large-scale love for something. People in the Han Dynasty regarded horses, monkeys and finches as "auspicious three treasures" to pin their life ideals. In Han dynasty, a horse can gallop on the battlefield, and monkeys, finches and princes are homophonic. The painting mentioned above is also called? The picture of "sealing the marquis and shooting the knight" is to pray for you to seal the marquis as soon as possible and achieve your goal in life.
In modern society, everyone has different life ideals. Those who like acting can be actors, those who like actors can find ways to marry, those who want to get rich can be officials, and those who want to be officials must find ways to get rich first. Dreams are intertwined, forming a diversified modern society.
However, the Han Dynasty was different. No matter from which aspect, the Han Dynasty was a unified agricultural society. The unity of society will inevitably lead to the unity of ideals, and the ideals of Han people are also very simple, that is, marquis and title, from the bottom people to princes and nobles.
Above _ Liu Che (BC1July 56-BC 14-March 29, 87 BC), namely Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
What is the title of Marquis? Wei Qing, the riding general, made great contributions to the Xiongnu, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was extremely happy. How to reward Wei Qing? First, give him an honorary title: Hou Changping, this is Hou Feng. It's good to be famous. With the title, Wei Qing's treatment went up. The most enviable thing is the 3800 food cities awarded to him with the title.
Wei Qing's business card is not the same as before. The business card used to be Wei Qing, the general cyclist, but now it will be Wei Qing, the general cyclist. Why put Changping Hou in the front? Because Changping Hou brings many benefits, riding a general is only a position, and its status depends on the word Changping Hou.
Above _ Wei Qing (? -65438 BC+006 BC), born in Pingyang, Hedong (now Linfen City, Shanxi Province).
Of course, the title system was not invented by the Han people. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the title system became an important link to maintain social operation. There was no concept of equality in ancient times, but people thought that everyone was unequal. Inequality must be divided into high and low levels. Whoever is tall looks down on titles, and those with high titles have high status. When the status is high, the food market will be big, and there will be more privileges, so you can eat well and dress well.
The Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty implemented the system of enfeoffment. It was the princes who were enfeoffed by the emperor. Governors are divided according to their status. Male, Hou, Bo, Zi, Gong, etc. , what's your name? Exogenous perception Bureaucrats who serve the emperor and the emperor? Male, Qing, doctor, scholar, etc. , what's your name? Neijue
In fact, before the Qin Dynasty, the society was centered on titles, and resources were allocated according to titles. At that time, the title was more valuable than that in Qin and Han dynasties, but at that time, the title could only be awarded to a small number of nobles, and ordinary people could not be knighted.
Above _ Shang Yang (about 395 BC-338 BC), a politician in the Warring States Period.
In the late Warring States period, international wars intensified. In order to arouse the Qin people's enthusiasm for war, Shang Yang stipulated that they should be knighted according to their meritorious military service. "Cut a song, for the officer of fifty stones; Those who cut two songs are awarded second class, and those who want to be officials are immortal officials. In addition to the dignitaries, it is commensurate with the merits of beheading. " From then on, the title of nobility is no longer the patent of nobility, and ordinary people can enjoy privileges as long as they make contributions to the country. Chivalry immediately became a small goal for people at that time.
However, there were many small goals in life during the Qin and Han Dynasties. In the Zhou dynasty, the rank was four inside and five outside, which was very flat. This is not a problem for aristocratic politics, but it will not work in the era of universal chivalry. There are too few fifth-class titles. When soldiers just went to the battlefield to make meritorious deeds, the titles there would be sealed, and the last battalion would be "public". How to fight? Increase the difficulty of upgrading, okay? No, players will lose faster if they don't upgrade their tasks.
Qin dynasty _ above the chariot
In order to find a balance between military industry and titles, titles in Qin and Han dynasties were subdivided into four grades and twenty grades, which were determined by military achievements, so they were also called twentieth grade military posts.
From bottom to top, the ranks of Grade 4 and Grade 20 are:? Master, male scholar, Shang Zao, Yao Ma Dao, step tillage; Than a doctor, a doctor, an official doctor, a public doctor and a bus; Qing class, five heroes, left, right, left, middle, right, car, big; Hou Ji, Guanneihou, Chehou (Liehou).
The title of level 4 and level 20 is just like the upgrade task of online games. The weirder you play, the higher your experience value and the higher your level. When the level is high, all kinds of treatment will come. What clothes and hats men can wear in the Han Dynasty depends not on their personal preferences, but on their rank. When the two ministers meet, it is also the title that determines who will say hello first and who will make way for whom. The bureaucratic treatment of the imperial court and the arrangement of seats when drinking are not official positions, but titles. Although the positions of prime minister and general are high, what treatment depends on the title.
Registration Form of Land and House Named after Titles in the Household Law of Shang _ Western Han Dynasty
In addition to bureaucrats, many things in the lives of ordinary people are also determined by titles. Japanese scholar Xishan once verified that even hunting in Qin and Han dynasties was divided into prey by title, regardless of who made great efforts. The laws of the Han dynasty also stipulated: "Jue ou jue, a fine of four or two. Below the same column, a fine of two or two. " At the same time, in the Qin and Han dynasties, there was a provision that titles should be compensated. At this time, the title of title means not only political privilege, but also legal privilege.
It is of course well-intentioned to delegate titles to ordinary people and arouse their enthusiasm for contributing to the country. But once appellation is too common and scarce, it will cause social problems.
For example, there are only two or three people with low professional titles in each village, such as male scholars. Except for these male scholars, others are civilians. Compared with ordinary people, male scholars have great legal privileges, and villagers have to make way for these lords in the village in everything they do, which will easily cause them to bully the village and become an unstable factor.
Above _ Brief List of Official System in Western Han Dynasty
In order to solve this problem, there were titles in Qin and Han Dynasties. After Pu Cimin's sleep, all the adults in the village are male scholars, and everyone has privileges, which has become another kind of equality. According to legend, after Qin annexed Bazhong, Bazhong people were all named as fourth-class "Bugeng". In the Han dynasty, this was a general honor, regardless of merit. When the royal family has a happy event, the emperor is given a title in the world, and finally the whole country is a Lord.
For the people of the Han Dynasty, the title is the privilege, and the privilege is the guarantee of life. For the bureaucrats in the Han Dynasty, the distinction between official positions only means different economic conditions, and their status in social occasions is still determined by titles. Official position is only position, title is status. When I was in Liehou, there was a feudal city that ate Lu, and later generations could also be gracious. With the background of conferring marquis and knighthood, talents in Han Dynasty loved horses, monkeys and birds so much.