Engaged in news editing, you need to have identification. On March 1 2005, Article 2 of the Measures for the Administration of Journalists' Cards came into effect: news organizations throughout the country should use a unified journalist card with the name of "journalist card". What are the conditions for being certified? Article 11 of the Administrative Measures stipulates: (1) Abide by national laws and regulations and the professional ethics of journalists; (2) Have a college degree or above and the qualification of news editing recognized by the relevant departments of the State Council; (3) Personnel engaged in news gathering and editing within the establishment of news organizations, or supernumerary personnel who have been formally employed by news organizations and engaged in news gathering and editing for over 1 year. Article 13 also stipulates that news editors must hold a journalist's card when engaging in interview activities, and should take the initiative to show it to the interviewee during news interview. The legitimate rights and interests of journalists engaged in news reporting are protected by law.
To sum up, the "press card" can be expressed as: it is an effective work identity document used by news editors of news organizations in China, which is uniformly printed and distributed by the General Administration of Press and Publication. This means that the "Press Card" is a legal certificate for engaging in journalism. In addition, the promulgation and implementation of the "Measures for the Administration of Journalists' Cards" and the confirmation of "Journalists' Cards" are also a manifestation of journalistic professionalism. It can be seen that the unified issuance of press cards by the General Administration of Press and Publication is equivalent to giving journalists with certificates the corresponding rights-"the right to interview news". From this point of view, whether it is a CCTV reporter who was detained three years ago for going to Shenyang for an interview without a "certificate" or Lan who was killed at the beginning of this year, although he deeply sympathizes with their respective experiences, he is still somewhat bitter.
The right of news interview has three mainstream meanings in academic circles: the theory of information collection, the theory of independent investigation and research, and the theory of right to know and freedom of expression. Scholars believe that: "The latter two of the above three viewpoints have their shortcomings and omissions that cannot be ignored both in content and logic. Although the theory of "independent investigation and research" points out that journalists can have some freedom to investigate an incident on their own, it is completely expressed from the standpoint of the principle of "news party spirit". The theory of "the right to know and freedom of expression" can be combined with the advanced western thought of rights protection, and it is a very beneficial idea to understand the internal relationship between interview, editing and reporting with system theory. However, the author believes that the right to interview itself has its conceptual category, which will easily lead to the arbitrary expansion of this category. Based on this, the author believes that the theory of' information collection' should be adopted as an appropriate explanation of the connotation of the right to interview. " Therefore, we might as well understand the meaning of news interview right: news interview right refers to the right of journalists to collect news materials and obtain news information.
Is the right of news interview the patent of certified journalists?
Is the right of news interview the patent of certified journalists? If you give a positive answer to this question, then the results of the above two events will have certain inevitability. But in this way, it is tantamount to depriving journalists, interns and special correspondents of the right to cover news.
So far, the only explicit provision that can be consulted is the Measures for the Administration of Journalists' Cards. Article 1 1 stipulates: "
Non-staff personnel who have been formally employed by news organizations to engage in news gathering and editing work and have been employed continuously for more than 1 year may apply for a press card. Article 12: "Staff members other than news organizations, including correspondents, contributing writers, contributing reporters who provide news organizations with articles or programs, and other personnel who compile news articles for news organizations full-time or part-time, shall not issue journalist cards."
According to these regulations, do journalists who have been engaged in news gathering and editing for less than one year, or have worked for one year, but have not yet obtained the qualification, have the right to cover news?
In fact, even if it is a central-level media, all the editors employed by it may not have press cards. As a remedial measure, most news organizations use their own work permits or interview cards. If the "Press Work Permit" that Lan carried with him since childhood is stamped with the steel seal of the reporter station, he can prove his identity.
Every year, the news media have to accept the internship of students majoring in journalism or other majors. It is impossible for the media to apply for a unified reporter's card for interns, but only a certificate marked "intern reporter" to facilitate their news reporting activities. In addition, according to the needs of interviews, many media also temporarily hire special reporters from time to time. If the interviewed unit refuses to interview or even uses violence on the grounds of hiring journalists (interns, special correspondents) without press cards, how should the news unit respond?
In the practice of news, both the regular employees of news organizations, interns and special correspondents bear the responsibilities entrusted to them by news. For them, what does the press card or relevant certificates and letters of introduction issued by news organizations mean? The answer given by Associate Professor Ma Shaohua of China Renmin University is: "The former expresses the professional qualifications recognized by the state; The latter expresses the responsibility of news organizations and their trust in them, thus winning the trust of the interviewees for them. " According to the current news system, news organizations cannot apply for official press cards for "hiring journalists", "special correspondents" and "intern journalists", but they should also have the right to cover news as long as they have relevant certificates or certificates issued by news organizations. Of course, this "interview right" is often temporary and effective in the short term. It is an extension of news organizations' right to interview, and news organizations should bear the legal consequences brought by these informal reporters' interview activities accordingly.
The news media has a special responsibility to convey information to the public and let the public know the truth. The freedom of the press, which extends from the citizens' right to freedom of speech stipulated in the Constitution, actually affirms the right of journalists to report normally. The "journalist" here should be a broad concept, including both journalists with "journalist cards" and employed, distinguished and interns. It can be seen that the right of news interview is not the patent of certified journalists. In the above two incidents, it is obviously untenable to say that there is no news interview right without a "journalist's card".
Of course, the right of news interview is the primary right of journalists to carry out their work. As far as the incident of Lan Changda being killed is concerned, assuming that Lan Changda is not a reporter, but an ordinary citizen, there is no suspicion of extortion, can he go to that coal mine for an interview?
The right of ordinary citizens to know an event or problem from relevant departments or units is what we usually call "the right to know", which cannot be separated from the active understanding and investigation of informed claimants. In this sense, this right to know can also be said to be an interview right. In recent years, many citizens have recorded many street news with cameras and provided them to news organizations. Individuals use blogs to collect and disseminate information on the internet, which is also an interview right. But there is no doubt that this kind of understanding, investigation and on-site shooting is different from the professional "news interview right"
If Lan was an ordinary citizen since he was a child, of course, he could go to that coal mine to learn about the situation, but the actual effect is hard to compare with the reporter's interview. This is why society needs professional journalists to undertake this work.