1. Tsunami
How to escape when a tsunami occurs?
Tsunami is related to submarine earthquakes, which can trigger huge waves up to 30 meters high and cause huge damage in coastal areas.
●When you feel a strong earthquake or prolonged shaking, you need to leave the coast immediately and quickly take refuge in a safe place such as high ground.
●If you receive a tsunami warning, you need to leave the coast immediately if you don’t feel the vibration and quickly evacuate to a safe place such as high ground. Obtain information through radio or television, and do not go near the coast until a tsunami warning or warning is issued.
●Not all earthquakes cause tsunamis, but any kind of earthquake may cause tsunamis. When you feel the earth shaking, seize the opportunity to get away from the seaside as soon as possible and climb to higher ground. Don't watch the tsunami - if you get too close to the wave, you won't be able to escape when danger strikes.
2. Earthquake
How to escape when an earthquake occurs?
1. If you live in a building, you should quickly stay away from the exterior walls, doors and windows. You can choose a small, supportive space such as the kitchen or bathroom. Never run to the balcony or jump off the building. Don't use the elevator.
2. If you live in a bungalow, if you don’t have time to run outdoors, you can quickly hide under tables, beds and other solid furniture. If you don’t have time, you can also stay close to the wall. At the same time, be careful to protect your head with random objects. .
3. If you are outdoors, avoid tall buildings and go to an open area without telephone poles or big trees.
4. If you are in public places such as classrooms, stations, shops, etc., you should stay calm and hide on the spot next to solid objects such as tables, chairs, frames, etc., and at the same time, follow the instructions and evacuate in an orderly manner. Be careful not to run around in confusion to avoid crowding and trampling.
3. Avalanche
How to escape when an avalanche occurs?
No matter what happens, you must stay away from the avalanche route immediately.
·Judge the current situation. Out of instinct, he would run straight down the mountain, but the ice and snow also collapsed down the mountain. And the speed reaches 200 kilometers per hour. It would be dangerous to run down, and you might get buried in ice and snow.
·It is safer to run to the side, so that you can avoid the avalanche or run to a higher place.
·Abandon all bulky items on your body, such as backpacks, skis, ski poles, etc. Carrying these items will make it more difficult to move if you get stuck in the snow.
·Never ski to escape. However, if you are on the edge of an avalanche route, you can speed out of danger.
·If you are caught by an avalanche and cannot escape, remember to close your mouth and hold your breath to prevent ice and snow from pouring into your throat and lungs and causing suffocation.
·Hold on to anything stable on the side of the hill, such as a standing rock. Even if you are stuck in it for a while, the ice and snow will eventually clear up and you can escape.
·If you are rushed down the hillside, try your best to climb up the surface of the snowdrift, and at the same time swim upstream with the prone swim, backstroke or dog crawl method to escape to the edge of the snow stream.
·When going upstream, you may have to use your hands to block rocks and ice, but you must try to climb onto the surface of the snowdrift.
4. Flood
How to escape when a flood comes?
1. Pay attention to the weather forecast. When the weather forecast continuously reports heavy rain or heavy rain, students living in river valleys, low-lying areas, and areas along rivers and lakes should be more vigilant, pay attention to changes in disaster situations at any time, and take appropriate measures in a timely manner.
2. Before the flood arrives, evacuate areas prone to flooding according to pre-selected routes.
3. If the flood is fierce and it is too late to evacuate, you can climb on the roof, wall or nearby tree to wait for rescue. However, houses with earthen walls, dry fortresses or houses with mud jointed brick walls are in danger of collapse at any time when exposed to water and can only be used as temporary shelters. Therefore, you should find other ways to escape.
4. If possible, eat high-calorie foods, such as chocolate, biscuits, etc., and drink hot drinks to increase your physical strength.
When evacuating, you should bring necessary clothing to keep out the cold, especially necessary drinking water. Never drink flood water to avoid contracting diseases.
5. Use flashlights, whistles, flags, bright sheets, clothes and other tools to send out distress signals to attract the attention of rescuers and come to rescue.
6. You can escape with the help of wooden boards, wooden beds, boxes and other things that can float on the water, but be careful not to use this method unless absolutely necessary.
7. After a flood, do not hike through streams that flow quickly and are knee-deep.
In addition, after the flood, you should also take preventive drugs according to the requirements of the local health and epidemic prevention department, and improve yourself and the surrounding environment to prevent infectious diseases and prevent the breeding of mosquitoes and flies.
5. Volcanic Eruption
How to escape after a volcanic eruption?
1. Deal with lava hazards. Of the various hazards of volcanoes, lava flows may pose the least threat to life because people can run out of their path.
2. Deal with the hazards of jets. If you are escaping from a volcanic eruption, a hard helmet such as a construction worker's helmet, a motorcyclist's helmet, or an equestrian helmet will give you some protection. In wider areas, escape may not be necessary.
3. Deal with the hazards of volcanic ash. Wearing goggles, a snorkel mask or ski goggles can protect your eyes - but not sunglasses. Cover your mouth and nose with a damp cloth or, if possible, an industrial respirator. Once in shelter, remove clothing, wash exposed skin thoroughly, and flush eyes with clean water.
4. Deal with the hazards of gas spherical objects. If there are no solid underground structures nearby, your only chance of survival may be to jump into the water; hold your breath for about half a minute and the ball will roll over.
Keep in mind: Volcanoes are often preceded by increased activity, accompanied by rumbling sounds and releases of steam and gases, and the smell of sulfur can be smelled from local rivers. Pungent acid rain, a loud rumble or a plume of green steam rising from a volcano are warning signs. When escaping by car, remember that volcanic ash can make roads slippery. Don't take the canyon route as it may turn into a lahar path.
6. Fire
What are the commonly used methods of self-rescue and escape in a fire?
Answer: (1) Leave the danger area immediately, do not go to the floor or under the bed , Drill in the cabinet.
(2) Choose simple and safe passages and evacuation facilities, such as balconies, windows, etc.
(3) Prepare simple protective equipment, such as covering your mouth and nose with towels, masks, etc.
(4) Make your own simple life-saving rope, such as tearing bedding, clothes, sheets, etc. into strips, twisting them into ropes and hanging them on a strong window sill, bed frame, or indoor solid object, and then slowly along the rope Slide down.
(5) When it is impossible to escape, you can choose a place far away from the fire point, where it is convenient to get water and call for help, as a place of refuge to wait for rescue, such as bathrooms, toilets and other places where there is neither burning material nor water source.
(6) Never jump off the building blindly.
What issues should be paid attention to when escaping from a fire?
Answer: (1) Do not waste time dressing or looking for valuable clothing. Nothing is worth risking your life.
(2) Do not escape into narrow corners. Due to the fear of fireworks, the victims often escape to narrow corners, such as under the bed, in the corner of the wall, under the table, etc., and the result is nine out of ten cases of death.
(3) Do not return to the scene of the fire. Once the victim leaves the danger area, he must stay in a safe area. If there is any situation, he should report it to rescuers in time and should never return to the fire scene.
(4) When escaping from a fire, you must stabilize your emotions, overcome panic, and calmly choose escape methods and approaches.
(5) Make full use of the building’s own refuge facilities for self-rescue, such as indoor and outdoor evacuation stairs, life-saving slides, life-saving rope bags, descenders, etc.
(6) Use the building itself and nearby natural conditions to save yourself, such as balconies, window sills, roofs and other objects nearby the building.
(7) When you jump from a building or die, you should use some soft items such as quilts and sofa cushions to jump to the carport, grass, pool or tree downstairs to slow down the impact. force. Unless absolutely necessary, be sure to wait for rescue from the fire brigade.
7. Foreign bodies in the trachea
Tracheal foreign bodies mostly occur in children, but there are also occasional cases in adults. Due to carelessness or anxiety, peanuts, melon seeds, date cores, thumbtacks, pins, buttons, coins, etc. are inadvertently inhaled into the trachea, causing trachea irritation and sudden violent choking and whistling. When a foreign body blocks the trachea, there may be suffocation, hoarseness, pale or blue complexion, difficulty breathing, and even suffocation.
First aid: First remove vomit or food residue from the nose and mouth.
One of the methods to eliminate foreign bodies in the trachea: the rescuer stands beside the patient, wraps his arms around the patient's waist and abdomen, makes a fist with one hand, and puts the thumb side on the midpoint between the heart and the navel, and the other hand Overlap it on the fisted hand and squeeze the upper abdomen violently upward and inward. The squeeze should be fast and powerful. After pressing, relax and repeat the operation until the foreign body is expelled. However, be careful not to press on both sides of the midline.
Tip 2: When standing for first aid, the rescuer stands behind the patient, puts one arm on the patient's chest, supports the patient, and uses the heel of the other hand on the spine in the interscapular area to give continuous, rapid and powerful blows. Tap four times to facilitate the expulsion of foreign matter. For the recumbent patient, ask the patient to bend his knees and curl up, facing the rescuer, while the rescuer presses his knees and thighs against the patient's chest, and uses the heel of his palm to tap the spine in the interscapular area four times in a row to expel the foreign body.
Children’s first aid techniques:
1. Back-patting method: Let the child lie on the rescuer’s knees with his head down, support his chest, and pat his back 4 times to make the child cough up. foreign body. The child can also be raised to the ground and pulled on his back.
2. The method of inducing vomiting involves inserting fingers into the mouth and stimulating the base of the tongue to induce vomiting. It is suitable for foreign bodies in the trachea closer to the throat.
3. Stomach squeezing method: The rescuer holds the patient's waist, presses the upper abdomen with the index, middle and ring fingers of both hands, squeezes backward and upward, and then relaxes, repeatedly and rhythmically Carry out to form impact airflow and flush out foreign objects.
When the above methods do not work, you should race against time to send the patient to the otolaryngology department of the hospital as soon as possible to remove the foreign body under a laryngoscope or bronchoscope without delay. If breathing stops, give mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration.
8. Robbery
Robbery is an act of forcibly taking away property by violence, coercion or other methods. It is highly harmful and harassing to society. If it is not handled properly, it is often Transformed into vicious cases such as homicide, injury, rape, and hooliganism.
Robbery cases usually occur at night or when there are sparsely populated areas; they generally occur in overpasses, underground passages, public toilets, dark road sections, doorways, lush woods, gardens, seaside parks and other places. It can take the form of a single person committing a crime or a gang committing a crime.
In case of robbery, first of all, do not panic. Overcome fear and panic, calmly analyze your situation, compare the strengths of both parties, and adopt different countermeasures for different situations.
1. First of all, we must try our best to resist. As long as you have the ability to resist or the opportunity is favorable, you should use the bricks, stones, wooden sticks, iron bars and other weapons around you that are sufficient for self-defense to launch an attack in time. The "Criminal Law" clearly stipulates that citizens can act in legitimate defense against those who are committing robbery, murder, kidnapping, rape, arson, or explosions, and will not be held criminally responsible for causing casualties to the other party.
2. When you are under the control of the perpetrator and cannot resist, you can hand over some property according to the perpetrator's request, use the verbal resistance method, persuade and educate the perpetrator confidently, and understand the benefits and disadvantages. , causing psychological panic to the perpetrator. Don't blindly beg for mercy. You should stay calm or joke with the perpetrator. Use a humorous way to show that you have handed over all your belongings and have no intention of resisting, so that the perpetrator can relax his vigilance and see the opportunity to resist or escape from control.
3. Use the indirect resistance method: that is, use a hidden mobile phone to send a distress message or call the police when the perpetrator is not paying attention, and leave a secret mark on the perpetrator, such as wiping some mud or blood on his clothes. etc.; put small marked objects in their pockets; quietly follow the perpetrator after he succeeds, pay attention to the perpetrator's escape direction, etc., and wait for an opportunity to call the police and capture them.
4. Pay attention to the perpetrator. Try to write down its characteristics as accurately as possible, such as height, age, body shape, hairstyle, clothing, beard, scars, language, behavior and other characteristics, as well as the color, size, model and license plate number of the vehicle used.
5. No matter what the situation is, whenever possible, shout for help or deliberately speak loudly to the perpetrator to attract the attention of surrounding pedestrians and call the police to rescue you in time. If you are robbed, it is possible to subdue the gangster by using the above methods flexibly.
9. Kidnapping
1. Stay calm! Remember, the kidnappers want your money, not your life. While this is easier said than done, a cool head is often crucial when negotiating with a kidnapper. ?
2. If the kidnapper asks you for a ransom of 50 million yuan, don’t be intimidated. Regardless of whether the kidnappers really know everything about your financial status, they will test you with this price. ?
3. Don’t let the kidnappers get the ransom too easily, as doing so will only make them push further. What's more, the more money you give, the easier it will be for the kidnapper to have enough ability to commit crimes one after another. ?
4. Learn to negotiate. Offer a low price from the beginning so there is room for maneuver. The wife of a garment factory manager only offered a price of 60,000 yuan at the beginning, but in the end she paid only 470,000 yuan in ransom to redeem her husband. There is also a family whose child was kidnapped at a gas station. The final ransom was 300,000 yuan, but the kidnappers originally wanted 10 million yuan. The family later learned that the kidnappers could be sent away as long as they had 50,000 yuan. The kidnapper didn't have any hiding place. He just drove around in the victim's car and called the victim's family from various places. ?
5. Don’t worry if negotiations are delayed. You know, the kidnappers are not willing to delay, and they will even lower the ransom because of this. Sometimes, kidnappers deliberately break off negotiations for several days to increase pressure on the victim's family. ?
6. Think more about the good. You know, victims - especially children - are often well cared for by their kidnappers. We already know that some kidnappers show kidnapped children cartoon videos and feed them tasty snacks. There was once a kidnapped businessman who wanted dessert, but the kidnapper actually bought it for him from a restaurant. ?
7. Ask to speak to the victim. If the kidnapper doesn't give you this opportunity, then ask the kidnapper some questions that only the victim knows, such as wedding anniversary, child's birthday, etc. Because only the victims are aware of these issues. ?
8. The kidnappers will always threaten you and say that they will tear up the tickets, or cut off the victim's toes and fingers. They will also say that the victim has agreed to pay a ransom of 10 million or more. But you must remember that the victim is usually locked in a secret room and not with the guy you are negotiating with. ?
9. The kidnappers will repeatedly give stern warnings and ask you to keep quiet. Publicizing a kidnapping and requesting official assistance does create a level of danger for the victim and her family. But not doing so is equally dangerous. Cooperating with the authorities will help them collect information about criminals and understand the methods, weapons and ransom demands they commonly use. If the kidnapper threatens you on the phone and says that he already knows that your place is full of police, you must not be frightened by him. This is their usual tactic. They want you to panic and hastily promise to pay the ransom in full. . ?
10. It is best to tell the case to a law enforcement agency that you trust. They will give you some professional advice and help you confirm whether the victim is safe when you negotiate with the kidnappers. .
They have no objection to you paying the ransom, that is your freedom. The safety of the victims comes first, and any actions they take will be carried out after the hostages are successfully rescued. ?
11. If a kidnapping incident appears in the newspapers or on the radio, do not panic. Even if the kidnapper asks you whether to report the matter to the police, you should remain calm. This is just the kidnapper's bluff. You can tell them that an overzealous witness tipped things off, but you've already sent the police away.
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