Principle of universal coverage is the basic principle to judge patent infringement, that is, to compare the technical features of the accused infringing technical scheme with those of the patent. As long as the technical features of the technical scheme accused of infringement include all the technical features in the independent claim, it is deemed to fall within the protection scope of the patent right.
For example, the independent patent claim is:
A XXX is characterized by containing a, b and C.
Then, the technical scheme of the alleged infringement includes three technical features: A, B and C, which constitutes infringement. If only A and B are included, there is no infringement.