What is the function of KERS system of F 1?

In order to encourage and promote the development of KERS technology, FIA has given the team full play space. In the 2009 edition of F 1 Technical Rules issued by1in July this year, the FIA only stipulated several technical indicators of KERS, and all other links were open. Mosley believes that the development of KERS is almost unlimited. The following are the only restrictions in the new rules: 1, the maximum output and input power of KERS system shall not exceed 60KW, and the total energy release per lap shall not exceed 400KJ. (Rule 5.2.3) 2 During the pit stop, cars are not allowed to add energy storage to KERS system. (Rule 5.2.4) 3 The racing engine, gearbox, clutch, differential and KERS and all related activation mechanisms must be controlled by ECU provided by ECU suppliers designated by FIA (that is, standard ECU provided by McLaren). (Original rule 8.2. 1) The current version of rule 09 only limits KERS! Four: KERS systems with two technical principles and their advantages and disadvantages (the focus of this paper) Under the framework of loose FIA rules, KERS systems with two technical principles are being developed: flywheel kinetic energy recovery system and battery-motor kinetic energy recovery system. Next, it is introduced in detail from five aspects: research and development background, technical principle, parameter index, technical difficulties, advantages and disadvantages of the scheme. First of all, talk about the "flywheel kinetic energy recovery system" that has appeared. I. R&D background This is the technical scheme that Renault will adopt, and Williams intends to buy it! At the beginning of 2007, with the support of Renault Automobile Company, Jon Hilton and Doug Cross, two engineers of Renault F 1 Team, left their headquarters in Si Tong, N.C., and set up a company called "Flybrid Systems LLP" in Silverstone. Here, Flybridge is a combination of two English words, flywheel and hybrid. We translated it as "Flywheel Hybrid System Company". Note: hereinafter referred to as FB company. In mid-2007, the company developed an efficient flywheel kinetic energy recovery system (see above). The principle of flywheel kinetic energy recovery system is actually very simple. Friends who played with pull-back toy cars as children know that when we roll the wheels backward, the energy storage structure (usually spring or rubber band structure) accumulates potential energy, and then put the car on the ground, the accumulated potential energy can make the car run quickly. FB Company's kinetic energy recovery scheme is based on this basic principle. Note: it is the basic principle, that is, from kinetic energy->; Potential energy->; The transformation process of kinetic energy. However, its specific working process is definitely much more complicated. You know, this is an F 1 racing car with a speed of more than 300 kilometers per hour. Let's take a look at its actual structure: as shown in the following figure: This is the system schematic diagram provided by FB company (the CAD three-dimensional renderings are at the bottom right). It always consists of a set of high-speed flywheels, two sets of gear sets with fixed transmission ratio, a CVT (continuously variable gearbox) and a set of clutches (clutch 2), in which the continuously variable gearbox is provided by the technical partner Torotrak, and another company, Xtrac, is responsible for manufacturing the transmission system. The working process of the system is as follows: when the car is braking, the kinetic energy of the car body will be transferred to the flywheel through the stepless gearbox, which will drive the flywheel in the vacuum box to rotate at high speed and accumulate energy. When the car bends, the energy stored in the flywheel is released reversely through the continuously variable gearbox. The whole system has a simple and compact structure and is controlled by a supporting program written by SECU (standard ECU). In appearance, it can be adjusted according to the needs of users. In other words, you can have different shape choices! C. Technical Difficulties As we all know, every kilogram of mass is useful for F 1 racing cars. In order to achieve the highest energy density ratio as possible (note: this index of flywheel kinetic energy recovery system is already very high) and minimize the influence of the system on the counterweight of racing cars, it is necessary to make the flywheel as small as possible when adopting the flywheel kinetic energy recovery scheme, but how can this meet the energy storage index? The solution adopted by FB Company is to increase the speed. At present, the flywheel speed of their prototype has reached 64500 rpm, which is an almost crazy number. But at this time, new problems appeared again, because high speed means that the system will generate huge heat and face huge wind resistance loss. Hilton and Cross finally decided to put the flywheel in a vacuum box. According to the company, the internal air pressure can reach 1x 10-7 Pa. What kind of concept is this? Jon Hilton said that this is equivalent to one gas molecule running 45 kilometers to meet another. However, we still have to do it. Putting the flywheel in a vacuum box can really solve the problems of heat generation and wind resistance loss, but how to prevent the air tightness of the bearing from being destroyed in the process of input and output power? New problems are born again! In the prior art, electrical conversion is an alternative method, but the energy loss is too serious. As a result, two engineers found a solution. They invented an innovative shaft seal technology and now they have applied for a patent.