The history of the exhibition can be divided into three stages.
Natural polymer processing stage
This period is characterized by the modification and processing of natural polymers, mainly cellulose. 1869 USA
J.W. Hyatt found that adding camphor and a small amount of alcohol to nitrocellulose can make a plastic.
Quality, can be molded into plastic products under hot pressing, named celluloid. 1872 factory was built in Newark, USA.
At that time, in addition to being used as a substitute for ivory, it was also processed into windshields and films for carriages and cars, and it was created from then on.
With the development of plastic industry, the molding technology has also developed accordingly.
1903 A. Eichengreen, a German, invented nonflammable cellulose acetate and injection molding.
1905 Bayer of Germany conducts industrial production. During this period, some chemists synthesized in the laboratory.
Various polymers, such as phenolic resin, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, etc. , is the later plastic.
The development of industry laid the foundation. 1904 The world plastic output is only 10kt, and it has not yet formed an independent industry.
Department.
Synthetic resin stage
This period is characterized by plastic production based on synthetic resin. 1909 Baekeland, USA
A breakthrough was made in the synthesis of resin from phenol and formaldehyde, and the first thermosetting resin was obtained.
-Patent right of phenolic resin. In phenolic resin, after adding filler, it is made into molded products by hot pressing and laminated.
Board, coating and adhesive, etc. This is the first fully synthetic plastic. 19 10 is manufactured in Lugers factory in Berlin.
General phenolic resin company was established for production. Before the 1940s, phenolic plastics were the most important plastic varieties.
It accounts for about 2/3 of the plastic production. Mainly used in electrical appliances, instruments, machinery and automobile industries.
After 1920, the plastic industry developed rapidly. The main reason is firstly the German chemist Shi.
Taudinger put forward the theory that polymer chains are composed of repeating units with the same structure connected by valence bonds and are insoluble.
The theory of cross-linking network structure of insoluble thermosetting resin was put forward by American chemist W H carothers in 1929.
The polycondensation theory laid a foundation for the development of polymer chemistry and plastic industry. At the same time, due to modernization
The overall development of the chemical industry is very rapid, providing a variety of polymerization monomers and other raw materials for the plastic industry. modernization
Germany, with the most developed chemical industry, is eager to get rid of the situation of relying heavily on natural products to meet various needs.
Beg. These factors strongly promote the development of synthetic resin preparation technology and processing industry.
The first colorless resin is urea-formaldehyde resin. 1928 was put into industrial production by British melamine company. 19 1 1
In, British F.E. Matthews produced polystyrene, but there were some problems such as complicated process and aging of resin. 1930
In 2006, German companies solved the above problems and industrialized production in ludwigshafen through bulk polymerization.
In the research and production process of polystyrene modification, it gradually formed that styrene is the main component and others are single.
Bulk polystyrene resin expands its application range.
193 1 year American Roma-Haas company produced polymethyl methacrylate by bulk method, producing organic.
Glass.
In 1926, W.L. Simon of the United States dissolved the PVC powder whose use was not found in the high boiling point under heating.
In solvent, after cooling, the soft, easy-to-process and elastic plasticized PVC was unexpectedly obtained.
This accidental discovery opened the door to the industrial production of PVC. 193 1 year German law firms were in trouble.
Feld produced PVC by emulsion method. 194 1 year, the United States developed the technology of producing PVC by suspension method.
Surgery. Since then, PVC has been an important plastic variety and one of the main chlorine-consuming products.
It affects the production of chlor-alkali industry to some extent.
1939, American melamine company began to produce melamine formaldehyde resin molding powder, laminated products and
Painting.
1933 in the experimental process of the reaction of ethylene with benzaldehyde under high pressure, the British chemical industry company Bremen,
It was found that there were waxy solids on the wall of polymerization kettle, so polyethylene was invented. 1939 high pressure gas phase for company.
Mass production of low density polyethylene. Ziegler of the Federal Republic of Germany used alkyl aluminum and titanium tetrachloride as catalysts.
Chemical agent, making ethylene become high density polyethylene under low pressure, 1955 Hirst Company of the Federal Republic of Germany first worked.
Industrialization. Soon, the Italian G. Nata invented polypropylene, 1957, the first company in Italy.
Industrial production comes first. Since the mid-1940s, polyester, silicone, fluororesin, epoxy resin,
Polyurethane has been put into industrial production.
The total plastic output in the world soared from 10 kt in 1904 to 600kt in 1944, reaching 1956.
3.4 million tons. With the development of general plastics such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene, raw materials have also shifted from coal.
Mainly based on petroleum, this not only ensures the full supply of polymer chemical raw materials, but also promotes the development of petrochemical industry.
Development makes the raw materials used at multiple levels, creating higher economic value.
Great development stage
During this period, the output of general plastics increased rapidly, and polyolefin plastics had poly 1- butene in the 1970s.
And poly (4- methyl-1- pentene) were put into production. Formed the world's largest production series of polyolefin plastics. meanwhile
There are many kinds of high performance engineering plastics. From 1958 to 1973, the plastic industry developed rapidly.
During the exhibition, the output of 1970 is 30Mt. In addition to the rapid increase in output, its characteristics are as follows: ① from a single large variety
Through * * * polymerization or * * mixed modification, it has developed into a series of varieties. For example, PVC not only produces many brands, but also develops.
Chlorinated PVC, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate * * * polymer, vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride * * * polymer and * * * mixture are introduced.
Or impact-resistant polyvinyl chloride modified by graft polymerization. ② A series of new high-performance engineering plastics have been developed.
Kindness Such as polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, ABS resin, polyphenylene ether, polyimide, etc. (3) widely used to enhance,
New technologies, such as compounding and * * * mixing, give plastics more excellent comprehensive properties and expand the application scope.
During the period of 10 after 1973, the energy crisis affected the development speed of plastic industry. In the late 70 s, the Lord
The annual total output of major plastic varieties in the world is: polyolefin 19Mt, PVC 100 kt or more, and polystyrene.
The olefin is close to 80kt, and the total plastic output is 63.6 mt, which is recovered from 1982. History of plastic industry since 1983
The highest level in history, the output reached 72Mt. At present, the world output of synthetic materials with plastics as the main body has long been
More than the output of all metals.
Nowadays, plastic materials are more functional materials (such as biological functional materials, electromagnetic functional materials, memory functional materials and water-absorbing functional materials). . . . . . . . . . . ) development. It has become the biggest material source that people can't live without.