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Source: Zhihu.
Youth and middle age
1870, Edison sold the patent right of general printing machine to a company on wall street, and asked the manager to make a price himself. I wanted to charge thousands of dollars, but the manager actually gave Edison 40 thousand dollars. After Edison got $40,000, he built a factory in Ward Street, Wacker, New Jersey, specializing in manufacturing all kinds of motors.
From 65438 to 0873, Edison devoted himself to the research of synchronous transmitter.
1874 65438+February, the research of synchronous transmitter is coming to an end. Western Union promised to pay Edison $5,000, bid $25,000 for his patent, and pay him $233 a day for using the equipment. However, Western Union failed to keep its promise, and finally Jay Gould bought the patent of synchronous transmitter for $30,000, which made Edison survive.
1At the end of 875, Edison was about to have his second child. He felt that the space at home was too narrow, and the narrow and gloomy streets and noisy environment of Newark factory also affected the working mood of researchers. Edison finally decided to move.
1876 At the beginning of the year, Edison's family moved to Monroe Park in New Jersey, where he built a laboratory.
The phonograph was born.
1877, Edison improved the early telephone invented by alexander bell and put it into practical use, and soon established a telephone company. Edison and Bell, two competing companies, had a fierce competition in London. In improving the telephone
On the way, he found that the diaphragm in the microphone vibrates with the sound. He found a needle, stood on the diaphragm, gently pressed the upper end with his hand, and then spoke to the diaphragm. The speed of sound can make the short needle vibrate in different ways. Edison drew a sketch for this and asked his assistant to make a machine. After many transformations, the first phonograph was born.
Study electric light
1878 In September, Edison began to study electric light, but because of Edison's economic problems, he had to seek financial support, so he set up a joint-stock company to provide financial support for the experiment. Soon, Lore found several shareholders who were willing to pay for Edison's electric light research. However, Edison failed many times and soon spent 50 thousand dollars. The beliefs of some shareholders began to waver. Edison tried hard to persuade the shareholders to give Edison another $50,000.
1879 65438+1October 2 1, the electric lamp was successfully developed. He tried nearly 1600 materials for this purpose, and the filament of this electric lamp was burned out after 45 hours of continuous use. This is the first electric lamp with wide practical value. This kind of electric lamp includes "high resistance incandescent lamp" and "carbonized cotton filament lamp".
From 65438 to 0880, Edison sent assistants and experts all over the world to find suitable bamboos, about 6000 species, of which carbon fibers made of Japanese bamboo are the most practical, which can last for more than 1000 hours, achieving the purpose of durability. This kind of lamp is called "carbonized bamboo filament lamp".
188 1 year, at the Paris World Expo, Edison exhibited a 27-ton power generation equipment, which could be illuminated by 1200 electric lights.
1883, Edison observed that a copper wire was sealed in the light bulb, which he thought could prevent the carbon wire from evaporating and prolong the life of the light bulb. After repeated experiments, although the carbon wire evaporated as before, he found that there was a weak current passing through the copper wire after the carbon wire was heated, which was later called "Edison effect" 1904 British physics.
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