In 1964, China's first atomic bomb exploded successfully
In p>1965, biologists synthesized bovine islets for the first time in the world
In p>1966, China's first ground-to-ground missile with a nuclear warhead exploded successfully in flight
In p>1967, China's first hydrogen bomb exploded successfully in the air
In p>197, "Dongfanghong-1". Successfully developed Yinhe-1
On October 15th, 23, Shenzhou-5 manned space flight (Yang Liwei) was successful
Since the founding of New China 52 years ago, especially since the reform and opening up, China's scientific and technological undertakings have made brilliant achievements. ?
1. a relatively complete scientific research and technology development system has been formed, and the overall level of scientific and technological development ranks among the top in developing countries. Development of domestic scientific research and experiment in 2 (R&; D) The total expenditure was 89.6 billion yuan, accounting for 1.% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of that year, ranking first among developing countries. At R& D basic research accounts for 5.2% of the total expenditure; Applied research accounts for 17.%; Experimental development accounted for 77.8%. Among them, all kinds of enterprise expenditures account for domestic R&; D 6.3% of the total expenditure is close to the level of developed countries, indicating that enterprises have gradually become China's R&: D the subject of the activity. ?
at present, 217 national key laboratories (including 6 national defense science and technology key laboratories) and national engineering centers have been built? 188, and 294 national enterprise technology centers were recognized; There are 44,536 Chinese scientific and technological papers collected by international authoritative retrieval institutions, and 92,11 patents granted by local residents, including 3,97 invention patents. In 2, the export value of high-tech products was $24.7 billion; The total income of technology, industry and trade in 53 national high-tech development zones is 677.48 billion yuan, and the industrial added value is 147.62 billion yuan.
2. Breakthrough progress has been made in the reform of the science and technology system, and the phased goals set by the state have basically been achieved. The strategic focus of scientific and technological work is shifting to the main battlefield of national economic construction, and the scientific and technological strength of enterprises has been further strengthened. 242 state-level technology development research institutes have basically completed the transformation work, and most scientific research institutions operate directly to market demand. The pilot project of knowledge innovation has achieved initial results, the reform of university management system has been basically completed, and scientific and technological resources have been optimized. Private scientific and technological enterprises have risen rapidly and the technology market has developed rapidly; The macro scientific and technological management system has been gradually improved, a new scientific and technological system adapted to the socialist market economy has taken shape, and the construction of a national innovation system is gradually being carried out. ?
3. Achievements have been made in the field of basic scientific research. Great achievements have been made in human gene sequencing, carbon nanotubes and nano-new materials, CAMBRIAN life explosion research, MEMS research, and ocean drilling in the South China Sea. Emerging interdisciplinary subjects such as surface science, nonlinear science, cognitive science and earth system science have developed rapidly. The construction of eight major national scientific projects, such as the Chinese mainland scientific drilling project and the large-area multi-target optical fiber spectral astronomical telescope, has created good conditions for basic scientific research in China.
4. breakthroughs have been made in high-tech research and industrialization. Major breakthroughs have been made in space high technologies such as manned space technology, launch vehicle and satellite technology. Breakthroughs in two-line hybrid rice, genetic engineering drugs, transgenic animals and plants, gene sequencing and diagnosis and treatment of major diseases have brought the overall level of biotechnology in China close to that of developed countries. Great achievements such as high-definition TV, "Shenwei" computer, large-size monocrystalline silicon material and skin stem cell regeneration technology have made China leap into the world's advanced ranks in corresponding fields. The development of national defense science and technology has laid a solid foundation for strengthening national defense strength and promoted the technological progress of national defense industry.
5. industrial and agricultural science and technology have made progress. In terms of agricultural science and technology, only during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, more than 6 new varieties were cultivated, and the yield per unit area increased by about 1%. Popularizing some important technologies, such as rice dry cultivation and sparse planting, water-saving technology, ABT plant regulator and plastic film mulching cultivation during the whole growth period of wheat dry land, has effectively guaranteed the realization of China's grain yield increase goal. Some major technological breakthroughs have been made in industrial science and technology, and the technical level of key industries has been improved. A series of great achievements have been made in the industrialization of digital program-controlled switches, oxygen-coal enhanced ironmaking technology, nickel-hydrogen batteries and amorphous materials.
in combination with a series of major national construction projects, such as the Three Gorges Project, national economic informatization, integrated circuit and the second phase of Taishan Nuclear Power Station, through introduction, digestion, absorption and innovation, we have conquered a number of key technologies and mastered the design and manufacturing technologies of some major complete sets of technical equipment. The popularization and application of a number of important technologies such as computer aided design (CAD) and computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS) have greatly improved the technological innovation ability of enterprises. The implementation of a number of major projects, such as innovative drugs, utilization and protection of water resources, well-off housing, dating projects in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and the construction of the second phase of China Science and Technology Museum and a number of popular science facilities, have contributed to the development of social undertakings.