China's pesticides can basically meet the domestic demand and have a certain export volume. But the product structure is still not reasonable. Pesticide production is still dominated by pesticides, accounting for 70% of the total pesticide production. 70% of pesticides are organophosphorus pesticides, and 70% of them are highly toxic varieties. In recent years, many new varieties have been developed in China, and their quality has approached or reached the international level. However, the overall level of China's pesticide industry still lags behind that of developed countries, mainly due to unreasonable product structure and few varieties of preparations; The quality of raw materials, intermediates and technical drugs is low; The operation and control methods are relatively backward; The scientific research strength is weak and the creativity is low. ?
There are 90 designated pesticide enterprises in our province (excluding sanitary pesticide production enterprises), including 64 original drug production enterprises and 26 processing enterprises. The output of the original drug is second only to Jiangsu Province, ranking second in the country. At present, it produces more than 100 varieties of pesticides (including acaricide), fungicides, herbicides, plant biological regulators, rodenticides and sanitary pesticides, among which pesticides? Bactericide? In 2000, the yield ratio of three herbicides was 49? 13? 38. The output of three pesticides accounted for 68% of the total national pesticide output in that year? 12? Compared with 20, the structure is reasonable, but compared with developed countries, the herbicide accounts for 47. 1%, which needs further adjustment and development. At present, the production capacity of 100% crude drug in our province is about 1000000 tons/year, and the actual production of100000% crude drug in 2000 was 801000000 tons (subject to the data of the provincial statistics bureau), accounting for1of the national total output. ?
(2) International and domestic development trends and demand forecast?
1998, the latest reports of FAO, UNIDO and the World Bank show that in 1997/98, the world supply of chemical fertilizers was 1 30.86 million tons, and the consumption was134.98 million tons (of which1:? 0.39:0.27? )。 It is predicted that in 2002/ 2003, the supply capacity of chemical fertilizer in the world will be about1640,000 tons, and the consumption will be151700,000 tons (in which the consumption ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is? 1:0.40:0.30? )。 In the next five years, the world's fertilizer production and consumption will grow slowly, with an average annual growth rate of about 2.3% for nitrogen fertilizer, 2.8% for phosphate fertilizer and 2.2% for potash fertilizer. Fertilizer production in developed countries has stagnated or declined. ?
It is estimated that by 2003, the world demand for nitrogen fertilizer will be about 90.4 million tons, and the supply capacity of nitrogen fertilizer will reach 97.4 million tons, with a surplus of about 7 million tons. In the next few years, the new nitrogen fertilizer production capacity will mainly be in developing countries such as China, Indonesian and Indian in Asia. The gap between supply and demand in Asia will gradually increase; The supply capacity of phosphate fertilizer in the world will reach 38 million tons, and the demand for phosphate fertilizer is about 35.9 million tons, with a surplus of 2 million tons, but the gap in Asia is 7 million tons. Bicarbonate and nitrophosphate will not increase significantly, and the increased phosphate fertilizer is mainly ammonium phosphate; The global supply of potash fertilizer will reach 28.6 million tons, the consumption is expected to be 25.4 million tons, and the remaining 3.2 million tons. The proportion of production and consumption of chlorine-free potash fertilizer will increase greatly. ?
In recent ten years, the structure of pesticide products in the world has changed greatly, the sales of pesticides and fungicides are in a stable state, and herbicides have been on the rise. The general development trend of pesticides in the world is to develop compounds with high activity, high safety, high efficiency and environmental friendliness. Because the research and development of pesticides involves many disciplines, a new variety needs to screen out 20,000 compounds from the synthesis of chemical substances before it can be commercialized, which takes ten years and costs 80 million to 654.38 billion US dollars. With the characteristics of high risk, high investment and long cycle, pesticides are highly monopolized products in the world. Only a few powerful multinational companies are engaged in the research and development of new pesticide varieties, and the top ten companies are concentrated in Western Europe and North America. Their sales account for about 88% of the total sales of pesticides in the world, and in order to further enhance their strength, major companies have carried out a series of asset restructuring, making the world's agricultural and pharmaceutical production more concentrated and monopolized. Japan is the most advanced country in pesticide research and development in Asia. Although some Japanese companies are not as powerful as the top ten multinational companies in Western Europe and North America, they have also developed many new pesticides and owned many patents. South Korea is a rising star in pesticide research and development and production in Asia, and has made a series of remarkable achievements. After increasing investment in pesticides, India adopted the strategy of introducing international talents, and its pesticide production has made great progress, especially in organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides. They built the world's largest production facility of pyrethroid pesticide intermediate-chrysanthemic acid, and launched fierce competition with China in the world market. ?
In 2000, the world sales of pesticides was about 30 billion dollars, and there were about 500 kinds of conventional pesticides. At present, the world pesticide market tends to be saturated. It is estimated that by 2005, the world sales of pesticides will be about $33 billion, pesticides will remain at the current level, fungicides will increase slightly, and herbicides will increase significantly. In 2000, the total demand for chemical fertilizers in China was 4 1 10,000 tons, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 1:0.42:0.20. The annual growth rate is about 1.5-2.5%. It is estimated that the total demand for chemical fertilizers will be 46 million tons by 2005, including 2.74 million tons of nitrogen fertilizer, 0/65438+800,000 tons of phosphate fertilizer and 6.8 million tons of potash fertilizer. Ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium? 1:0.43:0.25? . ?
With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the demand for meat, aquatic products, fruits and vegetables has greatly increased, which will drive the demand for herbicides and fungicides needed by fruits and vegetables to increase; With the development of rural economy, especially in the western region, the demand for herbicides in dry fields will increase greatly. At present, the technology of rice seed value in China is changing, from transplanting to direct seeding, and from transplanting to throwing, so the structure of herbicide in rice field will also change to some extent. Although the demand structure of pesticides has changed greatly, the total demand of pesticides will remain at around 370,000 tons. ?
Pesticide industry
(1) After more than 40 years of development, the pesticide industry in our province has built a complete industrial system including scientific research and development, intermediate production, raw drug synthesis and preparation processing, and has a high-level scientific research and production team, and has taken the pace of independent creation. The variety of pesticides is relatively complete, and now the variety 106 is produced, including 46 kinds of insecticides and acaricides, 25 kinds of fungicides, 24 kinds of herbicides, 8 kinds of plant growth regulators and 3 kinds of rodenticides. As the Zhejiang base of the National Southern Pesticide Creation Center, Zhejiang Research Institute of Chemical Industry is characterized by the research and development of fluorine-containing pesticides, and is also a scientific research unit engaged in the research and development of herbicides and the creation of new pesticide varieties, and has achieved initial results in the creation; China Rice Research Institute has also entered the latest scientific and technological field in the world in the research of genetically modified crops. In addition, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University of Technology and Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences. A relatively complete scientific research and development system has been formed in our province, such as pesticide process development, efficacy test, toxicology research, analysis and testing, residue and environmental assessment, preparation processing and so on. At the same time, the quality of workers in the pesticide industry in our province is high, technicians and workers have rich production experience, and they have good relations with scientific research institutions all over the country, and many important pesticide research achievements have been introduced from other provinces. ?
(2) the product structure has changed, and the quality of some products has reached the advanced level at home and abroad. After nearly 20 years of efforts and adjustment, the structure of pesticide varieties in our province has gradually improved, and the proportion of pesticide production has decreased. Newly developed new varieties to replace highly toxic organophosphorus pesticides, such as acephate, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, triazole tin, fenpropathrin, cypermethrin and biological pesticide abamectin, have formed large-scale production; There are more and more large-tonnage herbicides, and the production capacity of glyphosate powder of Xin 'an Chemical Company has reached 22,000 tons/year, which is second only to Monsanto in the United States in the world. In addition, a number of relatively new herbicides such as acetochlor, pretilachlor, metolachlor, trifluralin, atrazine, quinclorac, bentazone and oxyfluorfen continuously meet the needs of agricultural production; In addition, a number of new herbicides, such as benazolin, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, oxadiazon, dicamba, pendimethalin, quizalofop-p-ethyl, octanoyl bromonitrile and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, have been trial-produced or approved by the state and are being actively developed. ?
The quality of pesticides in our province has always been good. Two products of two enterprises won the national silver award, and 26 products of 19 enterprise won the quality products of the former Ministry of Chemical Industry and Zhejiang Province. Some varieties such as trifluralin, fenitrothion, malathion, ametryn, chlorpheniramine, high-purity metalaxyl, triphenyltin acetate, pretilachlor, metolachlor, oxyfluorfen, glyphosate, jinggangmycin, cyhalothrin, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, abamectin, triazophos, diazinon, dimethachlon and chlorothalonil have reached international standards. ?
(3) Bio-pesticides developed rapidly, with good benefits, and fluorine-containing pesticides made a breakthrough. Our province is the main province that produces validamycin, avermectin and erythromycin, and the production of validamycin in our province accounts for more than 70% of the national production; Gibberellin production accounts for 1/2 of the national output, of which more than 50% is exported. ?
The reserves of fluorite in our province rank first in China, and the pesticide industry has successfully developed fluorine-containing herbicide trifluralin, fluorine-containing pyrethroid insecticide cypermethrin and fluorine-containing herbicide oxyfluorfen since the Seventh Five-Year Plan. Fluorine-containing pesticides are very active in the world because of their high efficacy and little impact on the environment. About half of the herbicides developed in the world in recent years are fluorine-containing, and our province's fluorine chemical industry is also leading in the country. The successful development of various fluorine-containing intermediates is also conducive to the further development of fluorine pesticides in our province.