Business plan is an all-round business plan, the main purpose of which is to submit it to investors, so that they can judge the enterprise or project, so that the enterprise can obtain financing. The business plan has a relatively fixed format and contains almost all the contents that investors are interested in.
From enterprise growth experience, products and services, market, marketing, management team, shareholding structure, organization and personnel, finance, operation and financing scheme. Only a business plan with detailed content, rich data, complete system and exquisite binding can attract investors, let them know about your business operation plan and make your financing demand become a reality. The quality of business plan is very important for entrepreneurs' project financing.
In order to win the favor of investors, good financing planning and financial packaging are essential links in the financing process, and the most important thing is to make a high-quality business plan in line with international practice. At present, the success rate of international financing of China enterprises is not high, not because the project itself is not good or the return on investment is not high, but because investors are disappointed with the sloppy business plan and planning ability of the project.
The drafting of a business plan is as complicated as the business itself, which requires not only a thorough study of the industry and market, but also good writing skills. For a developing enterprise, a professional business plan is not only a necessary material for finding investment, but also a process of comprehensive thinking and repositioning the current situation and future development strategy of the enterprise. A high-quality business plan is based on product analysis, grasping the current situation and development trend of the industry market, comprehensively studying national laws and regulations, macro policies, medium and long-term industrial planning, industrial policies and local policies, as well as the advantages of the project team, focusing on the present situation, development orientation, development vision and mission, development strategy, business operation mode and development prospect of the project, and deeply analyzing the competitive advantage, profitability, viability and development potential of the project to the maximum extent.
Generally speaking, a business plan has the following three functions:
First of all, the business plan can be used as a communication tool for project operators.
Business plans must focus on reflecting the value of enterprises (projects) and effectively attract investment, credit, employees, strategic partners and other stakeholders including the government.
Secondly, the business plan can be used as a management tool for project operators.
Business plan can be regarded as a planning tool for project operators, guiding the company through different development stages, and the planning is strategic, overall and long-term.
Third, the business plan can be used as a guiding tool for project operation.
The content of the business plan involves all aspects of the operation of the enterprise (project) and can guide the whole process of the project. (A) focus on products
(2) Dare to compete
(3) Understand the market
(4) indicate the course of action.
(5) Show your management team.
(VI) Summary of Excellent Plan Generally speaking, a business plan should include business types, capital planning and sources, total capital allocation ratio, stage objectives, financial forecast, marketing strategy, possible risk assessment, business motivation, list of shareholders, and planned number of employees. The specific contents generally include the following eleven aspects:
(1) cover page
The design of the cover should be aesthetic and artistic, and a good cover will give readers a preliminary impression and form a good first impression.
(2) Plan summary
This is the essence of condensed business plan.
The outline of the plan covers the main points of the plan, so that it can be seen at a glance, so that readers can review the plan in the shortest time and make a correct judgment.
Plan summary generally includes the following contents:
Company introduction;
Managers and their organizations;
Main products and business scope;
Market overview;
Marketing strategy;
Sales plan;
Production management plan;
Financial plan;
Capital demand, etc.
Try to be concise and vivid. In particular, we should explain the differences of our own enterprises.
(3) Introduction of the enterprise
The purpose of this part is not to describe the whole plan, nor to provide another summary, but to introduce your company, so the focus is on your company philosophy and how to formulate the company's strategic goals.
industry analysis
In the industry analysis, we should correctly evaluate the basic characteristics, competition status and future development trend of the selected industry.
Typical problems about industry analysis:
(1) How developed is this industry? What is the current development trend?
(2) What role does innovation and technological progress play in this industry?
(3) What is the total sales of this industry? What's the total income? What is the development trend?
(4) What is the price trend?
(5) What impact does economic development have on this industry? How does the government affect the industry?
(6) What factors determine its development?
(7) What is the essence of competition? What kind of strategy will you adopt?
(8) What are the barriers to entry into this industry? How will you overcome it? What is the typical rate of return in this industry?
(5) Introduction of products (services)
The product introduction should include the following contents: the concept, performance and characteristics of the product; Introduction of main products; Market competitiveness of products; Product development process; Plan and cost analysis of developing new products; Market prospect forecast of products; Brand and patent of products, etc.
In the product (service) introduction part, entrepreneurs should make a detailed description of the product (service), which should be accurate and easy to understand, so that non-professional investors can understand it. In general, product introduction should be accompanied by product prototype, photos or other introductions.
(6) Personnel and organizational structure
In the production activities of enterprises, there are human resource management, technical management, financial management, operation management, product management and so on. And human resource management is a very important link.
Because of the development of today's society, people have become the most precious resource, which is determined by people's initiative and creativity. Enterprises should follow scientific principles and methods to manage such resources well.
In the business plan, it is necessary to define the main managers, introduce their abilities, their duties and responsibilities in the enterprise, and their past detailed experiences and background. In addition, in this part of the business plan, the company structure should also be briefly introduced, including: the organization chart of the company; Functions and responsibilities of various departments; Heads of departments and main members; The company's salary system; List of shareholders of the company, including stock options, proportions and privileges; Board members of the company; Background information of directors.
Experience and past success are more convincing than a degree. If you are going to leave a particularly important position to an inexperienced person, you must give a good reason.
(7) Market forecast
It shall include the following contents:
1, demand forecast;
2. Market forecast: an overview of the current market situation;
3. Overview of competitors;
4. Target customers and target markets;
5. The market position of the products of this enterprise, etc.
(8) Marketing strategy
Misunderstanding of the market is one of the most important reasons for the failure of enterprises.
In the business plan, the marketing strategy should include the following contents:
(1) Selection of market organization and marketing channels;
(2) Marketing team and management;
(3) Promotion plan and advertising strategy;
(4) Price decision.
(9) Manufacturing plan
The manufacturing plan in the business plan shall include the following contents:
1, product manufacturing and technical equipment status;
2, new product production plan;
3, technical upgrading and equipment update requirements;
4, quality control and quality improvement plan.
(10) financial planning
Financial planning generally includes the following contents:
The emphasis is on the preparation of cash flow statement, balance sheet and income statement.
Liquidity is the lifeline of an enterprise, so when an enterprise starts or expands, it needs to be carefully planned in advance and strictly controlled in the process;
The income statement reflects the profitability of the enterprise, which is the operating result of the enterprise after a period of operation; The balance sheet reflects the state of the enterprise at a certain moment, and investors can use the ratio index obtained from the data in the balance sheet to measure the operating status and possible return on investment of the enterprise.
Xi) risk and risk management
(1) What are the basic risks of your company in terms of market, competition and technology?
(2) How will you deal with these risks?
(3) What additional opportunities do you think your company has?
(4) How to expand based on your capital?
(5) How does your five-year plan perform under the best and worst conditions?
If your estimate is not so accurate, you should estimate how big your error range is. If possible, make the best and worst settings for your key parameters.