(1) Refinement, synthesis and spatio-temporal analysis of patent indicators. The description of the above patent indicators is still relatively rough, and it can be further subdivided. For example, citation rate can be divided into self-citation rate and cited rate. Self-citation rate describes the situation that subsequent patents cite their own patents. The higher the citation rate, the stronger the autonomy of research and development, the higher the citation rate and the higher the technical content. In addition, patent indicators are not isolated. Only by combining strategic indicators such as family patent index with technical indicators such as scientific relevance and making a comprehensive analysis with time and space as the axis can we get more comprehensive information.
(2) Many patent pointers are industry-dependent. For example, the technology life cycle will be different for different technical fields. TCT of relatively popular technology is short, such as electronic TCT is about 3 to 4 years, while shipbuilding TCT may be as long as 15 years.
(3) Patent indicators can measure technological development, but they cannot be absolute. Important inventions or innovations, especially those that can bring long-term economic benefits, generally need to apply for patents. However, many technological inventions do not use patent protection, but use trade secrets or industrialization as soon as possible, so patents are not in one-to-one correspondence with technological inventions or technological innovations.
(4) Be careful when comparing data between different fields. The trend of patent application in different technical fields is very different. In some fields, technological innovation is very active, but it is not suitable for patent protection. For example, in the field of electronic information, economic returns are often obtained through the first-Mover advantage in the market. Another example is that patents do not include inventions in software and organizational methods, thus excluding technological innovation in the service industry. In this way, when comparing between different fields, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of the analyzed industry in order to compare more accurately.
(5) Data comparison obstacles caused by the differences of patent systems in different countries. Due to the differences of patent systems in different countries,
There are differences in the specific examination standards and approval procedures of patents in different countries. For example, in the United States, a number of interrelated technological inventions can be combined to apply for a patent, but in Japan, multiple divisional applications must be submitted. This comparison between different countries sometimes leads to great deviations. If there is a huge gap in the number of patents, it can also explain the problem; But if it is on the same or similar order of magnitude, it is difficult to give a clear conclusion. Therefore, in the international comparison of patents, the data of different patent systems are generally not used, but the same large patent system, such as the US Patent and Trademark Office or the European Patent Office, is selected. But this brings another problem, that is "local advantage".
(6) The influence of patent literature time lag on analysis data. Despite the implementation of the system of early disclosure and delayed examination of patent applications, there is usually a time lag of 18 months between the filing date and the disclosure date of many patents, which will directly affect the analysis and prediction of the results for those enterprises with frequent technological innovations, especially those industrial enterprises with short technological life cycle.
Second, qualitative analysis.
Qualitative analysis is generally classified or clustered according to the content characteristics of patents, combined with time and space, comparative analysis, combination analysis, correlation analysis, sequence analysis, prediction analysis and so on. For example, from the main focus of patent documents, if the content of a technical patent document is mainly based on principles, it shows that the technology is in an emerging period; If it is mainly used, it means it is in a mature stage.
Third, the patent map and its application
Patent map refers to sorting out the statistical results of the first, second and third grade patent documents into various charts, that is, "mapping" patent information. As a tool for collecting, sorting and displaying patent information, patent map has strong visibility and is easy to understand. Generally divided into patent management map, patent technology map and patent right map.
Patent management chart mainly includes: patent trend chart over the years, national patent proportion chart, patent ranking chart, analysis chart of major competitive companies, average age chart of company patents, comparison chart of company invention lineup, comprehensive analysis table of company positioning, company patent quantity distribution chart, company patent quantity fluctuation chart, inventor patent quantity distribution chart, etc. , mainly show the development trend of technology, analyze the strength of competitive enterprises and predict the trend.
Patent technology diagram includes IPC (International Classification) analysis diagram, technology life cycle diagram, patent technology efficacy matrix diagram, patent technology distribution diagram, patent technology field accumulation diagram, patent multi-viewpoint analysis diagram, and digging technology micrograph. The technology map focuses on a technology or a company for carpet search, which mainly shows the evolution and diffusion of technology, R&D strategy, evasive design and the feasibility of mining technology.
Patent right map mainly includes patent scope elements map, patent scope points map, patent family map and important patent citation pedigree map, which mainly analyzes research and development space and market space.
The production process of patent map is as follows: determining the theme of patent analysis-establishing patent retrieval strategy and classification method-screening and classification of patent documents-reading and analysis of patent documents-establishing patent management map, technical map and rights map-information analysis of patent map database-intensive analysis of important patents-technological innovation, infringement comparison and circumvention design-patent application verification-patent map update.
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