What are the characteristics of China's technology import this year?

Problems and Countermeasures of Technology Import Some people have summarized a formula of Japanese technology import, that is, "1 No.2 machine is imported, No.2 machine is made in China, and No.3 machine is exported". In contrast, there seems to be a formula for many technology imports in China, which is called "No.1 machine imports, No.2 machine imports, and No.3 machine imports". 1. Problems in China's technology introduction The history of China's industrial development is a history of foreign technology introduction to some extent. The main difficulties that China is facing at present, such as slow upgrading of industrial structure, weak international competitiveness of products, and insufficient motivation for supply and demand creation, are all due to the lack of core technologies with independent intellectual property rights and are in the stage of technological "bottleneck" restriction. An important reason for the lack of core technology and high technology is that there are many problems in the process of technology introduction in China. Its main manifestations and reasons are as follows. 1. In the process of technology introduction, emphasis is placed on "introduction" rather than "digestion", "hardware" rather than "software", and "investment attraction" rather than "technology". In recent years, 60% of the equipment in China's fixed assets investment needs to be imported from abroad, which shows that domestic technology sources are seriously insufficient, and technological transformation has promoted the development of foreign manufacturing industries to some extent. One of the important reasons is that we haven't digested, absorbed and innovated imported technology for a long time, and technological transformation, technology introduction, digestion and absorption and independent innovation are out of touch, that is, the so-called "introduction" is more important than "digestion". In foreign technology introduction, it is usually 1 USD technology, and it takes 2 to 5 USD for digestion and absorption. According to the survey of Japan Industrial Technology Research Institute, in the mid-1960s, 65,438+06.9% of the research funds for the machinery industry were used for the introduction and 68.65,438+0% for the innovation of imported technology. 24.4% of the research fee of the electrical industry is used for importing, and 48. 1% is used for improving the imported technology. In China, the situation is that "big money is introduced, small money is reformed, and there is no money to digest". According to the data in198 China Statistical Yearbook of Science and Technology, in197, China's technology import funds were 23.65 billion yuan, while the digestion and absorption funds were only 136 billion yuan, accounting for only 5.8% of the imported funds. Some people have summed up a formula for Japan to introduce technology, that is, "1 No.2 machine is imported, No.2 machine is made in China, and No.3 machine is exported". In contrast, there seems to be a formula for many technology imports in China, which is called "No.1 machine imports, No.2 machine imports, and No.3 machine imports". For example, automobile manufacturing equipment was introduced in the 1950s, and integrated circuit production lines were introduced in the 1960s. In the 1970s and 1990s, we were still introducing automobile manufacturing equipment and integrated circuit production lines. Emphasis on "hardware" over "software" is mainly reflected in the fact that when we introduce technology, we mainly import complete sets of equipment, supplemented by software technology and other means. But in general, the contract amount mainly based on equipment accounts for 80%, while the contract amount mainly based on technology only accounts for 20%. At the initial stage of technology introduction, Japan mainly imported complete sets of equipment, such as 195 1 ~ 1955. When the steel industry first introduced technology, 70% of its rolling equipment was imported. After 1955, Japan basically stopped importing complete sets of equipment, while China imported complete sets of equipment round after round. Paying more attention to "attracting foreign investment" than "technology" is mainly the result of interests and "political achievements" In order to pursue the "political achievements" of the region, they blindly attract investment at all costs and conditions. Some areas are eager for quick success and instant benefit, and only pay attention to the quantity of foreign capital introduced but not the quality, capital and technology, and ignore technology introduction and joint venture cooperation under the condition of independent property rights. 2. There is great blindness in technology introduction, and the phenomenon of repeated introduction is very serious. 2. China's past technology introduction was very blind. For example, some enterprises did not fully consider their own technical conditions when introducing technology, and the introduced technology exceeded the acceptable level of enterprises, so they were forced to transform equipment and reduce its efficiency; Some enterprises did not fully demonstrate and master enough information in technology introduction, which led to the introduction of non-critical technical equipment and forced to continuously introduce subsequent related equipment, thus being subject to people. Due to information asymmetry, the imported technology is relatively backward as a whole, and there are few advanced technologies and high-tech technologies. Some patents expired, some technologies were eliminated, some products were seriously unqualified for environmental protection, and a large amount of foreign exchange was collected in vain, causing undue losses.