1. medical ethics and informed consent: when the subject of the thesis is human, the author should provide the approval documents of the ethics Committee of the unit, region or country and the informed consent of the subject or his relatives.
2. Fund Project: If the topic involved in the paper is a national or ministerial fund or a key project above the provincial level, the first item in the footnote should be indicated in the lower left corner of the first page of the article, such as "Fund Project: National Natural Science Foundation of China (30271269)"; Tenth Five-year National High-tech Research and Development Plan (2003AA205005). "A copy of the fund project certificate shall be attached.
3. Title: Try to be concise and eye-catching and accurately reflect the theme of the article. Generally speaking, Chinese titles should be less than 20 Chinese characters, and it is best not to have subtitles, punctuation marks and abbreviations. English titles should not exceed 10 notional words. Chinese and English titles should have the same meaning.
4. Author's signature: the author's names are arranged in order under the title, and the order should be determined before submission. No changes should be made during the arrangement. If it is really necessary to change, it is necessary to show the certificate of the unit and all the authors sign it. The footnote at the lower left of the home page indicates the name of the author's unit (write down the department) and postal code, and must indicate the e-mail address of the first author or correspondent. The author should be: (1) someone who has participated in topic selection and design, or in material analysis and interpretation; (2) Drafting or revising key theories or other main contents in the paper; (3) Be able to revise the editorial department's revision opinions, make a defense in the academic circles, and finally agree with the publisher of this article. The above three items must be met at the same time. Those who only participate in obtaining funds or collecting data cannot be classified as authors, and those who only manage general scientific research teams should not be classified as authors. At least 1 The author must be responsible for all the main conclusions in the article. If there is a foreign author among the authors, a letter signed by the foreign author agreeing to be published in the magazine should be attached. Collectively signed articles should be signed by the unit below the title, and the name of the organizer should be listed at the end of the article, and the main person in charge of the article should be clearly defined, and the author's name, unit, postal code and e-mail address should be indicated in the footnote on the first page of the paper. General communication authors only list 1, which is decided by the contributor. If you need to indicate the members of the collaboration group, list the units and names of the members of the collaboration group before the references at the end of the article.
5. Abstract: The paper should be accompanied by a Chinese and English abstract, which should include four parts: research purpose, methods, results and conclusions, and each part should have a corresponding title. Write in the third person, don't draw pictures, don't show, don't quote documents, don't comment, don't explain. The English abstract should include the title, author's name (in Chinese Pinyin, each surname is capitalized, the initial letter is capitalized, and a hyphen is added between the two names), company name, city name, postal code, country name and e-mail address. All authors should be listed by name. If the author's work unit is different, only the communication author's work unit is listed, with "*" in the upper right corner of the communication author's name and "*" in the upper left corner of the initials of the communication author's work unit. For example: "Lin Xianyan,, Qin Gui,. Peking University Pediatrics, Beijing100034; Correspondent: Lin Xianyan, e-mail:. Generally, the Chinese abstract does not exceed 400 Chinese characters, and the English abstract contains about 250 content words. English abstracts generally correspond to Chinese abstracts, but they can be refined for the needs of foreign exchange.
6. Keywords: 2 ~ 5 keywords should be indexed in the paper. The keywords should be selected from the MeSH database of NLM in the United States as far as possible, and the Chinese translation can refer to the annotations of medical subject words compiled by Institute of Information, China Academy of Medical Sciences. New technical terms (free words) that are not included in the glossary can be directly used as keywords, and suggestions are ranked last. Abbreviations in keywords should be restored to full names according to the list of medical subject words; The first word of each English keyword is capitalized and ";" It is used between words. Separate.
7. Statistical methods
(1) statistical symbols: written according to relevant provisions of GB 3358- 1982 statistical terms and symbols. Commonly used: ① The arithmetic mean of the sample is in English lowercase (the median is still in M); ② The standard deviation is in English lowercase s; ③ Standard misuse of English lowercase s (subscript x); ④ T-test with English lowercase t; ⑤F capitalized in English means F test; ⑥ Greek lowercase χ is used for chi-square test; ⑦ correlation coefficient in English lowercase r; 8 degrees of freedom of Greek lowercase v; ⑨ Probability English should be capitalized (specific test values should be given before P value, such as T value, χ value, Q value, etc. ).
(2) Research design: The name and main methods of the research design should be informed. Such as survey design (divided into prospective, retrospective or cross-sectional survey research), experimental design (specific design types should be informed, such as self-paired design, grouping design, crossover design, factorial design, orthogonal design, etc. ), clinical trial design (which stage of clinical trial should be informed and what blind measures should be taken, etc.). ); The main methods should be outlined around four basic principles (repetition, randomness, contrast and balance), especially how to control the interference and influence of important non-experimental factors.
(3) Representation and description of data: approximate normal distribution is used to represent quantitative data, and M(QR) is used to represent quantitative data with skewed distribution; When using statistical tables, it is necessary to reasonably arrange vertical and horizontal headings and clearly express the meaning of data; When using statistical charts, the types of statistical charts used should match the data properties, and the marking method of scale values on the number axis should conform to mathematical principles; When using relative numbers, the denominator should not be less than 20, and attention should be paid to distinguishing percentages from percentages.
(4) Selection of statistical analysis methods: For quantitative data, appropriate statistical analysis methods should be selected according to the design type, data conditions and analysis purposes, and T test and one-way ANOVA should not be blindly applied; For qualitative data, the appropriate statistical analysis method should be selected according to the design type, the nature of qualitative variables, the condition of frequency and the purpose of analysis, and the χ test should not be blindly applied.
For regression analysis, we should combine professional knowledge and scatter plot to choose the appropriate regression type, and we should not blindly apply linear regression analysis; Regression analysis data with repeated experimental data should not be simplified; For multi-factor and multi-index data, on the basis of univariate analysis, multivariate statistical analysis method should be used as much as possible, so as to make a comprehensive and reasonable explanation and evaluation of the interaction between factors and the internal relationship between multi-indicators.
(5) Interpretation and expression of statistical results: When P
8. Terminology: Medical terminology should use the terminology published by the National Committee for the Examination and Approval of Scientific and Technical Terminology. Subject nouns that have not passed the examination and approval can be selected from the latest version of MeSH, notes on medical subject words and Chinese medicine subject words. When a noun term without a common translation appears for the first time in the text, the original word should be indicated. The names of Chinese and western medicines shall be subject to the latest edition of People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia and General Names of Drugs in China (both edited by China Pharmacopoeia Committee). English drug names adopt international drug names. In general, trade names are not allowed to be used for drug names. If it is really necessary to use a trade name, the common name should be indicated first. Terminology of traditional Chinese medicine shall be implemented according to GB/T16751-1997, and terminology of meridian acupuncture shall be implemented according to GB/T16751.2-65438. Traditional Chinese medicine should adopt proper names, and Latin should be indicated if it is not included in the Pharmacopoeia.
Signs, disease name, examination, syndrome, etc. Foreword names can be translated into Chinese, but there is no "surname" after the name (except single name, such as hair follicle); You can also use foreign languages, but don't add "'s" after your name. For example, babinski sign can be written as babinski sign instead of Babinsk sign or babinski sign.
Abbreviations are used as little as possible in this article. Well-known abbreviations can be used directly without comments. For example: DNA, RNA, HBsAg, PCR, etc. Abbreviations that are not widely known and recognized, as well as abbreviations whose original words are too long and appear many times in the text, can be written in brackets when they first appear in the text; If it is a foreign language, you can write the Chinese full name when it first appears in the text, and write the foreign full name and its abbreviation in brackets. For example: epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Don't use abbreviations for nouns with no more than 4 Chinese characters, so as not to affect the readability of the paper. Don't open the western abbreviations and change careers.
9. Charts: The forms of each chart in the manuscript account for 65,438+0 pages, which are attached to the text and coded continuously in the order in which they appear in the text. Every chart should have a chart (table) title. Explanatory text should be placed in the notes below the figure (table), and all non-public abbreviations used in the figure should be indicated in the notes. It is recommended to use a table with three horizontal lines (top line, header line and bottom line). If there are total and statistical processing contents (such as t value and p value, etc. ), add a dividing line on this line; The data in the table requires the same number of significant digits of the same indicator, which is generally determined according to the standard deviation 1/3. If you draw a line, the aspect ratio is 5: 7. When submitting the electronic version, it is recommended to use. The picture is in jpg format. If the manuscript is a Word document, all pictures should be attached with the original picture, and the resolution of the picture should not be less than 300 dpi. If the picture has been edited by Photoshop, please save it in. Psd format and does not merge layers. If you use Excel or SPSS software to draw, please attach it. xls，。 Cht and other documents, easy to edit. Where a portrait of a person is published, the written consent of the person shall be obtained or the identifiable part shall be covered. Photographs of gross specimens shall be marked with scale on the drawings. Pathological photos should indicate the staining method and magnification. If there are quotations from other journals in the chart, the source should be indicated.
10. unit of measurement: implement the provisions on quantity, unit and symbol in GB 3100 ~ 3102-1993 quantity and unit and its writing rules. For details, please refer to the Application of Legal Units of Measurement in Medicine edited by the Journal of Chinese Medical Association. Please note that company name and company symbol cannot be mixed. When the diagonal in the combined unit symbol exceeds 1, it should be expressed in the form of negative power, such as ng/kg/min in the form of ng/kg/min；; Slant lines and negative powers in combination units should not be mixed. Unit symbols should be used as far as possible, and can also be combined with Chinese characters with non-physical units (such as people, time, station, etc.). ), such as times/minute. If necessary, first list the legal unit of measurement values, and write the old unit values in brackets; If the same unit of measurement appears repeatedly, only the conversion coefficient between the legal unit and the old unit is indicated at the first appearance, and then the legal unit of measurement value is listed. Parameters and their tolerances must be accompanied by units. When the unit of the parameter and its tolerance are the same, the unit can only be written as 1 time, that is, the values are combined in parentheses, and the symbol * * * with the unit can be placed after all the values. For example, "75.4 ng/L 18.2 ng/L" can be expressed as "(75.4 18.2) ng/L". The symbols of quantity are all in italics, such as the symbol of absorbance (formerly called optical density) is A, and "A" is in italics.
According to the Supplementary Notice on the Provisions on the Use of Blood Pressure Measurement Units jointly issued by the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision and the Ministry of Health, millimeter mercury (mm Hg) or centimeter water column (cm H2O) can be used as the measurement unit. However, when it is used for the first time, the conversion coefficient between mmHg or cm H2O and kPa should be indicated (1 mmHg = 0. 1 33kPa,1cm H2O = 0.098).
1 1.No.: GB/T 15835- 1995 Provisions on the Use of Numbers in Publications shall be implemented. The century, year, year, month, day, hour, counting and measurement of the Gregorian calendar all use Arabic numerals. When the number before or after the decimal point is ≥5 digits, every 3 digits are grouped, and there are 1/4 Chinese characters between groups. For example, "7 1, 329.476,56" should be written as "7 1 329. 476 56 ".But ordinal number and year, page number, army serial number, instrument model and standard number are not divided. For the range and deviation of percentages, the percent sign of the preceding figures cannot be omitted, for example, 5% ~ 95% cannot be written as 5 ~ 95%, and (50.2 0.6)% cannot be written as 50.2 0.6%. The multiplication of numerical value and size unit is written as follows: 4 cm ×3 cm×5 cm, and cannot be written as 4×3×5 cm.
12. References: The description format basically follows GB/T 77 14-2005 "Description Rules for References after Text". Using sequential coding system, records are marked with Arabic numerals in the order in which they appear in the text, and the serial numbers are placed in square brackets and arranged at the end of the text. Try to avoid quoting abstracts as a reference. Internal publications, unpublished materials (excluding accepted materials to be published), personal letters, etc. It should not be referenced as a file. If you really need to quote, you can indicate it in the corresponding place in the text. Please check the quoted documents (including the original meaning of words and expressions) with the original text. Please write Japanese characters according to Japanese regulations, and don't confuse them with Chinese characters and simplified characters. No more than 3 authors of the same document; If there are more than three people, only the first three people can be recorded, and then the words "etc." are added. According to the genre. The author's name is always the surname before the surname, and the foreigner's name is in the form of initials, and there is no abbreviation point after the abbreviation; Use ","to separate the names of different authors, and do not use conjunctions such as "and" and ". Marking the document type tag after the title is a necessary description item of electronic documents, and other documents can also be marked. For file types and symbol codes of electronic file carriers, please refer to GB 3469 "File Types and File Carrier Codes". Abbreviations should be used for the names of foreign periodicals, and the format in the Medical Index shall prevail; Full name of Chinese periodicals. Each reference must record the starting and ending page numbers. Periodicals with continuous coding every year may not record the issue number.