1. Overview of species
The plant classification of Hippophae rhamnoides has been controversial. The Flora of China shall prevail here. Hippophae belongs to Hippophae of Elaeagnaceae; There are 4 species and 5 subspecies of Hippophae in China, namely, Hippophae rhamnoides, Hippophae rhamnoides, Hippophae rhamnoides and its subspecies China Hippophae, Hippophae rhamnoides, Hippophae rhamnoides, Hippophae rhamnoides and Hippophae rhamnoides. Among the above species, Hippophae rhamnoides subspecies China Hippophae (Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. Subsp. Sinensis Rousi) has a wide distribution, more research and high utilization value. Today I will focus on this subspecies.
2, morphological characteristics
China seabuckthorn is also called vinegar willow, black thorn, sour thorn, yellow thorn, sour thorn willow and so on. In China, it is mainly distributed in Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan and other provinces, and usually grows on sunny ridges, valleys, dry riverbeds, hillsides and gravelly sandy soil, which is extremely common in the Loess Plateau.
Deciduous shrubs or small trees, generally less than 5 meters high and up to 18 meters high; Spines are numerous, stout, the tender branches are brownish green, and the old branches are grayish black and rough.
Simple leaves are usually nearly opposite, the leaves are paper-like, narrowly lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 3-8 cm long, the leaf margin is entire, the surface is green, the back is silvery white or pale white, with scales and a very short petiole.
The flower is unisexual, dioecious and apetalous. The calyx of the male flower is 2-lobed, with 4 stamens. The calyx of the female flower is saccate, and the top part is 2-toothed, which blooms in April-May.
Nuts are surrounded by fleshy calyx tube, drupe-shaped, spherical, 4-6 mm in diameter, orange-yellow or orange-red, and mature in September-October.
Second, the habit characteristics of Hippophae rhamnoides L.
First, it is a spiny shrub with strong adaptability, drought resistance, barren resistance, heat resistance and low temperature resistance; Widely adapted to grow in sandy land and mild saline-alkali land.
Second, the root system is developed, with strong germination ability, mostly clustered, dense branches and leaves, large biomass and good soil and water conservation performance.
thirdly, there are rhizobia in the roots, which have a good effect on improving soil.
Third, the main uses of seabuckthorn
First, the edible value of seabuckthorn fruit is high.
According to the determination, the fruit mainly contains protein, vitamins, minerals, lipids, sugar, potassium, magnesium, iron, sodium and other nutrients and a variety of bioactive substances. At present, there are many kinds of seabuckthorn foods on the market, such as seabuckthorn juice, < P > seabuckthorn juice beverage, seabuckthorn soda, seabuckthorn biscuits, seabuckthorn jam, seabuckthorn candy, seabuckthorn cereal, seabuckthorn vinegar, seabuckthorn soy sauce, seabuckthorn powder, seabuckthorn puree oral liquid, seabuckthorn sparkling wine, seabuckthorn fruit wine, seabuckthorn champagne, etc.
Seabuckthorn fruit oil oral liquid, seabuckthorn fruit oil capsule, etc. are developed with seabuckthorn oil (oil extracted from seabuckthorn seeds).
seabuckthorn baitong tea and seabuckthorn instant tea developed from seabuckthorn leaves. These products are deeply loved by consumers.
second, medicinal. The roots, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds of Hippophae rhamnoides can be used for medicine. China has a long medicinal history of Hippophae rhamnoides L., as early as the eighth century AD, it was recorded in Four Medical Codes, a masterpiece of Tibetan medicine: Hippophae rhamnoides L. has the functions of invigorating spleen and nourishing stomach, breaking blood stasis and stopping bleeding, eliminating phlegm, benefiting lung, eliminating dampness, strengthening yin and nourishing yang; Later, it was recorded in Yuewang Yaozhen, Jingzhu Herbal Medicine and Chinese Pharmacopoeia. There are many researches on Hippophae rhamnoides L. in modern medicine, so you can consult special medical materials.
third, feeding. Seabuckthorn leaves, pomace and seed meal are all good feed for livestock and poultry.
fourth, ecological value. Due to the growth characteristics of Hippophae rhamnoides, it is a good shrub for soil and water conservation and wind and sand fixation.