1. Land selection and preparation
Choose loose and fertile sandy loam and humus loam, which are warm, slightly wet and not cold-resistant. When planting in mountainous areas with good drainage, it should be planted on barren land on shady slopes. Tillage the soil more than 20 cm, apply manure and compost, apply farm manure 1 1,000 kg per mu, and apply 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer or organic fertilizer 1 1,000 kg without farm manure. Then turn over the ground and mix the soil and fertilizer evenly. Shallow till once before planting, carefully till the soil, rake it flat, and make a high ridge with a width of 130- 150 cm.
2. Breeding method
It is difficult to sow Bletilla striata with seeds, but it is easier to propagate with tubers. Tissue culture seedlings can be used for large-scale propagation. Tuber propagation: Generally, Bletilla striata is dug out in September-165438+1early October, and medium-sized tubers with many disease-free buds are selected, and each plant has 1-2 buds, which are dipped in plant ash and planted. The ditch spacing is 20-25cm and the depth is 5-6cm. Put a tuber at the spacing of 65,438+00-65,438+02 cm, bud upward, fill it, compact it, water it, cover it with grass, keep it moist frequently, and germinate in March-April. Per mu 100 kg seedlings.
3. Tian Tuan management
(1) intertillage weeding. Bletilla striata requires strict management and weeding in the field. After planting, spray acetochlor and seal it, and after all the bletilla striata seedlings come out. From May to June, Bletilla striata grows vigorously and weeds grow rapidly, so weeding is carried out. Weeding should be combined with loose border surface, and shallow hoe should be used to avoid damaging root system.
(2) Top dressing Bletilla striata is a fertilizer-loving plant, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate or rare human and animal manure is sprayed once a month, and the growth stops in July and August, but the overgrowth of weeds is prevented.
(3) Irrigation and drainage. Bletilla striata likes shade. It is always moist. Water it when it is dry, once every morning and evening from July to September. Bletilla striata is also afraid of waterlogging, and heavy rain should be drained in time to avoid damaging the roots.
4. Pest control
(1) Root rot mostly occurs in the rainy season in spring and summer in South China. Prevention and control methods: pay attention to drainage and waterproof, and dig deep into the drainage ditch.
(2) The cutworms and needle worms can be killed manually, trapped or mixed with poisonous soil, and the cutworms must never be put under the bed. Watering the seedbed with 700 times of 50% zinc-phosphorus emulsifiable concentrate.
5. Harvest and processing
After planting Bletilla striata for 2-3 years, when the aboveground stems wither in September-65438+10, the dug tubers are taken out of the soil for treatment. Pick the tubers one by one, select the tubers with new stems as seeds, cut off the stems, soak them in clean water for 1 hour, wash the soil, put them in boiling water for 5 ~ 10 minutes, and then take them out of the kang after they are completely dried. Remove coarse skin and fibrous roots and screen out impurities. Generally, 800- 1000 kg of fresh products can be harvested per mu, and 200-300 kg can be processed.
Bletilla striata likes warm, cool and humid environment and is not cold-resistant. It is often wild on both sides of streams and rivers in hills and low mountainous areas, in grasslands on hillsides and under sparse forests. Therefore, fertile, loose and well-drained sandy loam or humus loam should be selected for cultivation, and it is required to be cultivated on shady slopes or wet plots.